04 10 2012 I Learning is documented indirectly by recording changes in behavior of an organism II Reflex A Sensory receptor transmits to the neuron to an interneuron out to a motor neuron to a muscle III Behavioral systems A Behaviors are organized into natural functional sequences B Adapted to solve functional problems 1 Feeding behavior system made up of subsystems modes modules and specific actions involved in feeding a General search vs focal search vs consummatory behavior IV Modal Action Pattern MAP A First described by Tinburgen and Lorenz B Describe species typical behavior C Reflexive behaviors organized into functionally effective behavior sequences 1 Small variation in timing or style but the sequence is always the same D Evolutionarily important behaviors instinctive E Elicited by a complex array or sequence of stimuli 1 Releasing stimulus Sign stimulus real world stimulus for a behavior 2 Supernormal stimulus drives a response greater than that measured by the real stimulus a Sexual selection can drive a trait to its extreme b Industrially produced food F Shown in humans as well cross cultural 1 Mating patterns a Mirroring blushing pupil dilation slowed respiration 2 Interacting with infants V Seemingly goal oriented behavior A Kinesis movement caused by environmental stimulation 1 Wood louse moves more in humid environments than in dry ones 2 Garden slugs exhibit fast straight movement in sunlight and slow turning movement in shade B Taxis 1 Phototaxis a Positive moving towards light b Negative moving away from light LEARNING VI Repeated Stimulation A Habituation effect smaller and smaller response with each successive punctuated stimulus 1 Extremely specific a Lemon vs lime B Dishabituation Effect recovery of habituated response following presentation of a dishabituation stimulus 1 You can habituate crabs to not run away from your shadow hovering over them but touching them dishabituates the crabs for the next stimulus event C Spontaneous recovery from habituation return to the initial level of response after some period of time in which the stimulus wasn t present D Habituation process 1 Somatic reflex reflex of the body involves 3 neurons a Sensory cell inter neuron motor neuron b Where does the habituation occur Central nervous system i Other processes Sensory adaptation neuron loses its ability to fire white spot after a bright flash Muscle fatigue