SW 430 – 1st Hourly Quiz - 1 of 13 SW 430: Research Methods in Social Work I First Hourly Quiz Name: 1.23. When we use the Method of Science, we hold a belief because a. evidence from a systematic observation of events supports our belief better than it supports any other belief. b. holding the belief helps us avoid anxiety associated with not knowing. c. it was endorsed by someone who has been socially or politically defined as a qualified producer of knowledge d. the belief was deduced by strictly following strict the forms and rules of logical argument. e. the majority of a random sampling of sources says the belief is true. A refers to the method of science. B refers to the method of intuition. C refers to the method of authority. D refers to the method of rationality. E does not refer to one of the methods for fixing belief. 1.35. “I loaned Dave $50 just before Halloween. I loaned him $50 more around Thanksgiving. On New Year's Eve, I loaned him $100. For the Halloween loan, Dave said he would pay me on the next payday. For the Thanksgiving and New Year’s Eve loans, he said that he would pay all loans on the next payday. “Dave has never paid me back for any loan I have made him. I better face the fact that, if I loan money to Dave again, he is likely not to pay me back again.” Does this inductive argument adequately support the conclusion that Dave is unlikely to pay back another loan or is the argument fallacious? Give one reason why or why not. (Your explanation should contain less than thirty words.) SUPPORTED FALLACIOUS (circle your answer) The premises enumerate consistent non-repayment. The conclusion states an expectation that the consistent pattern of non-repayment will continue following the next loan. The premises are relevant to the conclusion. This is a valid induction by enumeration argument. 1.52. You are interested in evaluating the effect of twelve weeks of individual nondirective counseling on depression for a randomly selected sample of n = 279 depressed clients. Since global negative self-evaluations (evaluating self as totally bad, incompetent, useless, unlovable, etc.) are a major component of depression, you decided to assess the change in number of negative self-evaluations made by clients in the week preceding the onset of the counseling intervention versus the week following the end of the counseling intervention. For one week before beginning participation in counseling (no intervention received), each client recorded the number of times they evaluated themselves negatively. For the week after the counseling intervention was completed (intervention received), each client kept a post-test record of the number of times they evaluated themselves negatively. Change in negative self-evaluations was measured by subtracting a subject’s pre-test negative self-evaluation score from his or her post-test negative self-evaluation score. The resulting differences referred to the change in number negative self-evaluations for each subject. Negative self-evaluation change scores had a bimodal and positively skewed frequency distribution (see Figure 1.52).SW 430 – 1st Hourly Quiz - 2 of 13 -15-14-13-12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-10123456789101112131415Negative Self-Evaluation ChangeFrequencyFigure 1.52: Change in Number of Negative Self-Evaluations per Week 1.52.1. The independent variable in this study refers to which of the following. a. (1) bad, (2) unlovable, (3) incompetent, (4) useless. b. (1) bimodal distribution, (2) skewed distribution. c. (1) clients who are depressed, (2) clients who are not depressed. d. depression. e. intervention status. f. negative self-evaluation change score. g. (1) negative self-evaluation, (2) positive self-evaluation. h. (1) Pre-intervention, (2) post-intervention. i. Twelve weeks. 152.2. Levels of the independent variable in this study refer to which of the following. a. (1) bad, (2) unlovable, (3) incompetent, (4) useless. b. (1) bimodal distribution, (2) skewed distribution. c. (1) clients who are depressed, (2) clients who are not depressed. d. depression. e. intervention status. f. negative self-evaluation change score. g. (1) negative self-evaluation, (2) positive self-evaluation. h. (1) Pre-intervention, (2) post-intervention. i. Twelve weeks. 152.3. The dependent variable in this study refers to which of the following. a. (1) bad, (2) unlovable, (3) incompetent, (4) useless. b. (1) bimodal distribution, (2) skewed distribution. c. (1) clients who are depressed, (2) clients who are not depressed. d. depression. e. intervention status. f. negative self-evaluation change score. g. (1) negative self-evaluation, (2) positive self-evaluation. h. (1) Pre-intervention, (2) post-intervention. i. Twelve weeks.SW 430 – 1st Hourly Quiz - 3 of 13 152.4. The dependent measure in this study refers to which of the following. a. (1) bad, (2) unlovable, (3) incompetent, (4) useless. b. (1) bimodal distribution, (2) skewed distribution. c. (1) clients who are depressed, (2) clients who are not depressed. d. depression. e. intervention status. f. negative self-evaluation change score. g. (1) negative self-evaluation, (2) positive self-evaluation. h. (1) Pre-intervention, (2) post-intervention. i. Twelve weeks. 152.5. Identify the level of measurement for the dependent measure. a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio Numerals (change scores) represent amounts of change in number of negative self-evaluations; Equal intervals between numerals represent equal amounts of change in number of negative self-evaluations; These are change scores, so negative values are possible. Thus, the zero is not absolute. It does not represent an absence of negative self-evaluation. 1.80. When we work to maximize “good outcomes for science, humanity, and the individual research participants while avoiding or minimizing unnecessary, risk, harm, or wrong,” we are implementing which one of the following ethical principles. a. Beneficence d. Justice b. Competence e. Respect c. Comprehension 2.02. S.S. Stevens defined four levels of measurement used to classify measurement schemes: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio. For each of the following, identify the level of measurement by writing Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio in the space provided. Do NOT use initials. 2.02.11. INTERVAL Clinical Anxiety Scale (CAS)