SW 430 –Final – 1 of 25 SW 430: Research Methods in Social Work I Final Examination 1.26. When we adhere to a belief because it has been endorsed by someone who has been socially or politically defined as a qualified producer of knowledge, we are using the a. Method of Argument d. Method of Rationality b. Method of Authority e. Method of Science c. Method of Intuition A does not refer to one of the methods for fixing belief. C refers to holding a belief to avoid anxiety associated with not knowing. D refers to holding a belief because it is internally consistent. E refers to holding a belief because evidence from observation supports the belief better than it supports any other belief. 1.38. “Last week, Elwood’s BAT indicated that he had consumed alcohol. His probation officer changed his testing schedule from two random tests a month to two random tests a week. “At the Elwood’s next BAT, his results indicated that he had consumed alcohol. His probation officer changed his testing schedule from two random tests a week to daily testing. “At his BAT the next day (today), Elwood’s results indicated that he had consumed alcohol. “I think that the results of Elwood’s test tomorrow will indicate consumption of alcohol.” Does this inductive argument adequately support the conclusion that the results of tomorrow’s test will indicate that Elwood consumed alcohol or is the argument fallacious? Give one reason why or why not. (Your explanation should contain less than thirty words.) SUPPORTED FALLACIOUS (circle your answer) The argument is supported. It is a valid induction by enumeration argument. The premises enumerate a stable pattern of test results indicating alcohol use and are relevant to the conclusion that predicts the same test result will occur on the next test. 1.82. When we work to ensure “reasonable, nonexploitative, and carefully considered procedures and their fair administration; fair distribution of costs and benefits among persons and groups,” we are implementing which one of the following ethical principles. a. Beneficence b. Competence c. Comprehension d. Justice e. Respect 2.02. S.S. Stevens defined four levels of measurement used to classify measurement schemes: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio. For each of the following, identify the level of measurement by writing Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio in the space provided. Do NOT use initials. 2.02.08. ORDINAL Classification of age (1 = infant, 2 = toddler, 3 = pre-school child, 4 = pre-adolescent child, 5 = adolescent, 6 = young adult, 7 = middle-aged adult, 8 = old adult, or 9 = very old adult). Numerals represent amounts [greater numerals represent greater age]; Equal intervals between numerals do not represent equal amounts of age [from (1) infant to (2) toddler does not represent the same amount as from (6) young adult to (7) middle-aged adult]. 2.02.26. RATIO Number of people in a family.SW 430 –Final – 2 of 25 Numerals represent amount of people from less to more; Equal intervals between numerals represent equal amounts of people; The zero is absolute, since zero represents an absence of people (no one is in the family; the family does not exist) and one cannot have a negative number of people in a family. 2.02.31. ORDINAL Rating of frequency of negative thoughts about self (evaluation of oneself as a “bad” person) in one day: 0 = none of the time, 1 = rarely, 2 = a little of the time, 3 = some of the time, 4 = a good part of the time, 5 = most of the time, 6 = all of the time. Numerals represent amount of negative thoughts about self from lesser to greater frequency; Equal intervals between numerals do not represent equal amounts (equal differences in frequency of negative thoughts about self). 2.02.34. RATIO Time spent on task (in minutes). Numerals represent amount of minutes from less to more; Equal intervals between numerals represent equal amounts of minutes; The zero is an absolute zero, since zero represents no time spent on task and since one cannot have a negative number of minutes spent on task. 2.02.35. RATIO Years of formal education. Numerals represent amount of years from less to more; Equal intervals between numerals represent equal amounts of years; The zero is an absolute zero, since zero represents an absence of formal education and since one cannot have a negative number of years of education. 3.21. The score (Y) in the following table represents the number of times a child received first aid at the Gomer Pyle Fine Arts and Letters Summer Boot Camp. f represents the number of children at that particular score. Y f cf c%f 10 2 80 100 9 6 78 97.5 8 5 72 90 7 5 67 83.756 7 62 77.5 5 8 55 68.754 9 47 58.753 10 38 47.5 2 10 28 35 1 12 18 22.5 0 6 6 7.5 3.21.1. Fill in the cumulative frequency (cf) column so that it shows the number of children at or below each score level. 3.21.2. Fill in the cumulative percentage frequency [c%f = (cf/n)(100)] column so that it shows the percentage of children at or below each score level. Round your answer to two decimal places. Please show your work.SW 430 –Final – 3 of 25 4.20. We typically set the criterion maximum probability of committing a Type I Error – P[Type I Error] – at α = .05. This implies that the criterion probability of not committing a Type I Error – P[~Type I Error] = 1 – P[Type I Error] – would be 1 – α = .95. We have compared the effectiveness of j =3 programs using c = 3 pairwise comparisons: 1. Program 1 vs Program 2 2. Program 1 vs. Program 3 3. Program 2 vs. Progam 3. For each pairwise comparison, we used a statistical hypothesis test at α = .05 to evaluate the outcome data. Evaluate the following across these c = 3 comparisons. 4.20.1. Assuming that the Null Hypothesis is true, what is the probability that you will not commit a Type I Error on at least one of the c = 3 pairwise comparisons? Please show your work and round your final answer to three decimal places. (1 – α)c = 0.857≈==− 0.857375.95.05)(133 4.20.2. Assuming that the Null Hypothesis is true, what is αexp (the experiment-wise α; the probability that you will commit a Type I Error on at least one of the c = 3 pairwise comparisons)? Please show your work and round your final answer to three decimal places. αexp = 0.143≈=−=−=−−=−− 0.1426750.8573751.951.05)(1133cα)(11 4.33. You want to evaluate the support for