ES322 Geomorphology Fall 2008 Final Study Guide NOTE The final exam is scheduled to start 12 00 PM on Tuesday Dec 9 Study Tips complete all labs and worksheets before exam use study guide in combination with notes and online powerpoint slide shows go back through the in class lab exercises make sure you can work the math units spend a couple days studying the exam will be short answer essay and there is much material don t wait until the last minute carefully go through the notes some of the material we briefly discussed but did not spend much time on in class but the notes will give you the detail Exam Procedures 1 Final exam will be 120 points 2 Part 1 Closed book short answer essay questions focusing mainly on material since mid term but we have been building a cumulative vocabulary throughout the term See key word review recommendations below 3 Part 2 Open Book lab style quantitative questions map questions air photo questions identification of fluvial coastal landforms identification of basic climatic tectonic geomorphic features association of landforms with processes association of landform photos with processes and concepts Bring a calculator Keywords and Concepts Since the Mid Term Fluvial Hydrologic Cycle Water Budget Discharge precipitation infiltration intensity recurrence interval width depth ratio channel area wetted perimeter hydraulic radius gradient interception evapotranspiration soil porosity soil permeability runoff rain splash suspended load bed load sheet erosion rill erosion gully erosion channel flow stream erosion shear abrasion tools corrosion Q VA V L T A wd P 2d w velocity profiles discharge calculations manning equation R I probability energy expenditure roughness coefficient stream rating curve gauging station saltation flotation load 1 magnitude frequency relations velocity depth relations viscosity laminar flow turbulent flow reynolds number froude number tranquil flow rapid flow boundary condition slope discarge relations stream power calculation depth velocity relations width velocity relations sediment load stream competence stream capacity vegetative effect on sed load dissolved load bernoulli principle fluid lift force turbulent flow laminar flow channel morphology straight meandering braided anastomosed meander sinuosity width depth ratio vs channel bank grain size relations gradient vs stream type sed load vs stream type meanders point bar cut bank levee floodplain terrace oxbow lake oxbow cutoff process pool riffle sequences overbank sedimentation bankfull discharge vs flood discharge meander scrolls centrifugal force braid gravel bars river base level local base level regional base level graded profile Fluvial System Factors slope base level climate discharge velocity sed supply sed load aggradation conditions degradation conditions river entrenchment knickpoints knickpoint retreat terraces incision drainage patterns dendritic flat rocks trellis folded rocks rectangular fractured rocks radial volcanoe tectonic uplift vs climate relations terrace tread terrace scarp paleohydrology slackwater deposits paleoflood evidence in field imbricated boulders fan deposit fan lobe gradient decrease flow expansion deposition arid fans humid fans Glacial Processes and Landforms Glacier Snowfield Snow firn ice Ice stratification accumulation Ice deformation Plastic vs brittle Plastic internal flow Brittle crevasses fracture Ice Flow Mechanisms Basal sliding Internal deformation Plastic deformation Crevassing Glacial surging Glacial meltwater Ice water mixture Glaciers as aquifers Temperate glaciers wet Polar glaciers dry Alpine vs Continental glaciers Glacial advance Glacial retreat Ablation melting Zone of accumulation Zone of ablation Glacial erosion Plucking Abrasion Subglacial water flow Glacial Deposits 2 Drift Till Outwash Erratics Diamicton Alpine Erosional Landforms Cirque Tarn Arete Cols Horn U shape valley Hanging valley Fjords Roche Moutonee Striated pavement Alpine Depositional Landforms Moraine End Moraine Lateral Moraine Medial moraine Terminal moraine Continental Landforms Drumlin Esker Kame Kettle Outwash Plain Quaternary Climate Change Pleistocene Ice Ages Glacial Interglacial Climates Solar Geothermal Exchange Global climate change Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Carbon Cycle Quaternary Sea Level Curve Evidence of Past Glaciation Continental Landforms Continental Deposits Marine Record Oxygen Isotopes Fossil Evidence Paleoclimatology Laurentide Ice Sheet Cordilleran Ice Sheet Nebraskan Kansan IllinoisianWisconsinan Sea Level Fluctuation Global Sea Level Change Pluvial Lakes Great Lakes Missoula Floods Ice Cores Glacial maximum Oxygen isotope stages Ice Ocean Isotope Exchange Ocean cores Ice cores 100 000 43 000 20 000 Stable Isotope Analysis Oxygen18 Oxygen16 Global ice budget Global ocean budget isotopic fractionation heavy water light water glacial climate interglacial climate ice sheet evaporation late Wisconsinan ice global sea level eustatic sea level deep sea drilling O18 stratigraphy O18 O16 ratio global correlation radiometric dating orbital forcing general circulation model Milankovitch Theory obliquity eccentricity precession angle of earth tilt orbital path plane of ecliptic Global Warming Industrial Carbon Flux Tectonic Geomorphology convergent boundary divergent boundary transform boundary mountain front anticline syncline mountain building normal fault reverse fault strike slip fault plunging fold non plunging fold joints 3 dip strike dip slope scarp slope anti dip slope grabens horst fault block mountains half graben lithologic resistance to erosion sandstone shale example differential erosion hog back resistant bedrock non resistant bedrock law of v shape patterns joint fault erosion lineaments active mountain front inactive mountain front mountain front sinuosity soils fault relations Steens Mtn example fault scarp butte mesa cap rock fault scarp degradation zig zag mountains differential erosion Coastal Process and Neotectonics coast beach tectonics waves tides tsunami storm surge longshore drift rip current tides gravity pocket beach marine terrace wave cut notch wave cut terrace emergent coasts submergent coasts erosional coasts depositional coasts headlands sea cliff sea stacks sea arches wave cut platform uplifted coasts sea level change global sea level rise fall global climate cycles interglacial glacial coastal geomorphic hazards beach erosion cliff erosion slope failure earthquakes flooding PNW tectonic