G322 Geomorphology Mid Term Study Guide Fall 2000 c wou geomorph ex1study wpd Study Tips read through book look at text figures compare to notes use study guide in combination with notes go back through the in class lab exercises make sure you can work the math units spend a couple days studying the exam will be essay and there is much material don t wait until the last minute carefully go through the notes some of the material we briefly discussed but did not spend much time on in class but the notes will give you the detail Key Words Introduction landscape construction tectonics landscape destruction weathering erosion denudation driving mechanisms climate solar energy tectonics internal gravity process rates Earth Systems uniformitarianism Davisian Cycle youth mature old age peneplane process response models Systems mass and energy flux isolated system closed system open system steady state system equilibrium concept Hack dynamic equilibrium driving force vs resisting framework force energy kinetic energy potential energy work climate controls insolation precipitation temperature gravity controls tectonic controls resisting framework lithology rock structure resistant vs non resistant lithologies geomorphic thresholds extrinsic vs intrinsic critical angle Constructional landforms destructional landforms exogenic processes endogenic processes isostacy isostatic rebound crustal uplift isostacy rates of crustal uplift rates of crustal denudation Quaternary when Pleistocene Holocene 1 Weathering mass transfer weathering sediment grain size sediment vs rock erosion denudation bedrock regolith residuum colluvium alluvium diamicton eolian glacial till drift lacustrine deltal pedogenesis O A B C R porosity clay clay size clay minerals joints faults permeability physical weathering frost wedging unloading sheeting exfoliation thermal expansion organic activity root wedging salt wedging thermal expansion clay expansion chemical weathering water molecule volume expansion hydrolysis pH chelation hydration oxidation ion exchange solution parent material aspect soil horizonation eluviation illuviation soil color color index soil profiles soil percolation soil translocation Debris Flow Flume HJ Andrews Field Trip debris flow flume internal friction slope angle fluid pressure debris flow composition run out distance levee sediment trap sediment budget colluvium trim line Anderson Creek Field Trip debris flow normal stream flow diamicton imbricated gravel gravel levee trim line clast size superelevation soil survey Coast Range flow velocity laminar vs turbulent flow channel erosion Mass Wasting Hillslope Process potential energy kinetic energy force stress joules newtons shear force normal force shear stress normal stress shear strength slope stability internal friction pore pressure cohesion safety factor coulomb equation mass wasting angle of repose slope angle hillslope rock debris earth fall topole slide 2 slump flow head scar creep solifluction avalanche landslide classification Aerial Photographs air photo electromagnetic spectrum wavelength frequency speed of light reflected light stereo pair stereoscope altitude camera height focal length photo scale relief displacement principal point vertical exaggeration orthophoto Fluvial Geomorphology Luckiamute Field Trip normal stream flow channel continuity equation Q AV cross section area channel slope gradient velocity area discharge hydraulic radius channel width channel depth wetted perimeter roughness coefficient gaging station paleohydrology recurrence interval Rosgen stream classification alluvium slackwater deposits wood debris flotsam trim line floodplain terrace channel width depth ratio sinuosity straight meandering braided Quantitative Skills Process Rate Calculations Basic map reading landform identification from a topographic map Given a rate of weathering and soil erosion calculate the equivlalent rate of crustal denudation and rock erosion From a topographic map caculate hillslope gradient in degrees in percent in ratio form Draw a topographic profile from a topographic map Plot soil texture data on a triangular diagram determine soil classification calcuate soil texture parameters calculate potential energy kinetic energy force weight stress resolve weight shear and normal stress from a basic slope problem be able to work the Coulomb equation and determine slope stability air photo scale calculations other air photo calculations as in lab identification of basic landforms and geomorphic process by examining aerial imagery basic stream flow calculations using the continuity equation basic stream flow calculations using Mannings equation calculating the slope of stream channel from topographic map 3 Key Concepts What is convection What drives it Give examples of how it influences the Earth Give examples of resistant vs non resistant lithologies and how they respond to erosion and landscape evolution Give example rates of crustal uplift and crustal erosion What is the significance of clay minerals at the Earth s surface What factors effect rates of weathering What is the difference between soil and sediment What are the soil forming factors and how are they used as a dating tool in geomorphology What are clast weathering rinds are how are they used as a dating tool in geomorphology What is the landslide classification system List examples sketch examples What are the range of processes landforms and surficial materials found at the Earth s surface in western Oregon Can you make some general sketches showing these geomorphic elements How does the landscape evolve over time How does this relate to systems theory Thresholds theory 4