History of photography (part 5):the modern eraMarc LevoyComputer Science DepartmentStanford UniversityCS 178, Spring 2011! Marc LevoyOutline!1900-1920s - the age of ism’s!photojournalism in the snapshot age!1920s-1940s - modernism!World War II!Pulitzer Prize photographs!LIFE magazine!post-1940s - post-modernism2! Marc Levoy1900-1920s - the age of ism’s!Cubism3Pablo Picaso,Le Guitariste, 1910! Marc Levoy1900-1920s - the age of ism’s!Cubism4Paul Cézanne,Table, Napkin, Fruit,1900! Marc Levoy1900-1920s - the age of ism’s!Cubism5Le Corbusier,Still Life, 1920! Marc Levoy1900-1920s - the age of ism’s!Cubism!Constructivism6Vladimir Tatlin,model for monument to the Third International, 1920Soviet propagandaposter, 1941! Marc Levoy1900-1920s - the age of ism’s!Cubism!Constructivism!Dada(ism)•chaos, irrationality, anti-art7Marcel Duchamp,Fountain, 1917(photograph by Alfred Stieglitz)Hannah Höch,Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany, 1919Marcel Duchamps,Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2, 1912! Marc LevoyMotion without movement[Heeger, SIGGRAPH 1991]!each frame is produced by convolving a single input image with a filter, which has been phase-shifted from the filter used in the previous frame9filter used toproduce frame #1filter used toproduce frame #8! Marc Levoy1900-1920s - the age of ism’s!Cubism!Constructivism!Dada(ism)!revolutionary uprisings•Russian Revolution, Communism, Socialism, Fascism!age of experimentation•the moribund art of the old needs to be jettisoned•down with tradition, up with the avante-garde•embrace the chaos of war and revolution!photographer as ideologue10! Marc LevoyCamera-less images11Man Ray, Rayograph, 1922Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Photogram, 1925(Newhall)(Newhall)William HenryFox Talbot,1839! Marc LevoyPhotomontage12Paul Citroen, Metropolis, 1925John Heartfield, Adolf the Superman; He Eats Gold and Spews Idiocies, 1932(Newhall)(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyPhotographer asideologue13Lewis Hine, poster, 1915(Rosenblum)Lewis Hine, Addie Card, Spinner, Vermont, 1915! Marc LevoyPhotographer asideologue14Bill Brandt,Halifax, 1936(Rosenblum)Rainswept Roofs, 1930s! Marc LevoyPhotojournalism15Arnold Genthe,The San Francisco Fire,1906(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyWorld War I1623rd infantry fighting in Europe, photographer unknown, 1918! Marc LevoyWorld War I!mustard gas, machine guns, trench warfare, 37 million casualties!cameras and film allowed photographers to shoot on the front lines17! Marc LevoyOther catastrophes18Sam Shere,Explosion of theHindenburg,1937(Newhall)! Marc Levoy1920s-1940s - modernism!modern architecture (a.k.a. International Style)•spare design, no decoration•strong geometry, primary colors (or white)19Le Corbusier,Villa Savoye, 1929Mies van der Rohe,Barcelona Pavillion, 1929! Marc Levoy1920s-1940s - modernism!modern architecture (a.k.a. International Style)•spare design, no decoration•strong geometry, primary colors (or white)20Le Corbusier,Chapel at Ronchamps, 1954Mies van der Rohe,Seagram Building, 1958! Marc Levoy1920s-1940s - modernism!modern architecture (a.k.a. International Style)•spare design, no decoration•strong geometry, primary colors (or white)!modern furniture21MarcelBreuer,chair, 1928CharlesEames,chair, 1940! Marc Levoy1920s-1940s - modernism!modern architecture (a.k.a. International Style)•spare design, no decoration•strong geometry, primary colors (or white)!modern furniture!the “straight photograph”•unhackneyed themes•strong geometry•unconventional viewpoints•sharp definition - the f/64 club•the industrial aesthetic - New Objectivity, Precisionists22! Marc LevoyThe straight photograph23Jan Lauschmann,Castle Staircase, 1927(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyPrecisionists24Paul Outerbridge,Marmon Crankshaft, 1923(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyPrecisionists25Imogen Cunningham,Two Callas, 1929(Rosenblum)portrait of Frida Kahlo! Marc LevoyPrecisionists26portrait of Frida KahloSelf-portrait with monkeys, 1938Barbara Morgan, Martha Graham: Letter to the World, 1940! Marc LevoyThe attack on Pearl Harbor28USS Arizona burningUSS West Virginiaand USS TennesseeUSS Shaw exploding, photographer unknown, 1941! Marc LevoyPhotographer as propagandist30“Stars over Berlin and Tokyo will soon replace these factory lights reflected in the noses of America’s fighting planes at Douglas Aircraft’s Long Beach, California plant.” (photographer unknown)(Archives)! Marc LevoyPhotographer as propagandist31(Archives)Dimitri Kessel (?), “Giant Gears in a shop in Massachusetts will become parts of U.S. warships”, 1943! Marc LevoyHollywood during the war32Large miniature model of Tokyo Bay,to make training films for bombing crews, c. 1943! Marc LevoyPhotojournalism in World War II33Robert Capa, Loyalist Militiaman at the Moment of Death, 1936! Marc LevoyPhotojournalism in World War II34Robert Capa, D-Day Landings in Normany, 1944! Marc LevoyPhotojournalism in World War II35Dorothea Lange, Dust Storm at Mazanar Relocation Center, 1942! Marc LevoyShowing casualties36George Strock,Three Dead Americans, 1943(first photograph of dead soldiers allowed published by U.S. censors)! Marc LevoyThe decisive battle of World War II37Stalingrad, July 1942 - February 1943Dmitri Baltermants, Identifying the Dead, Russian Front, 1942Margaret Bourke-White, Liberation of Buchenwald, 1945! Marc LevoyThe Pulitzer Prize Photographs40Joe Rosenthal,Raising the Flagon Iwo Jima,1943! Marc LevoyThe Pulitzer Prize Photographs41Eddie Adams,Executing a Vietcong Officer, 1968! Marc LevoyThe Pulitzer Prize Photographs42John Filo,Kent State Shootings, 1970! Marc LevoyThe Pulitzer Prize Photographs43Huynh Cong Ut,Children fleeinga “friendly fire” napalm attack,1973! Marc LevoyLIFE magazine44Andreas Feininger(LIFE photographer),The Photojournalist, 1955(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyLIFE magazine photographs45Alfred Eisenstadt,V-J Day, 1945! Marc LevoyLIFE magazine photographs46Edward Clark, Among the Mourners, 1945! Marc LevoyLIFE magazine photographs47Gjon Mili,Pablo Picaso sketching with a penlight, 1949! Marc LevoyLIFE magazine photographs48Hank Walker,Jack and Bobbie(John and Robert Kennedy), 1960! Marc LevoyMiscellany49J.R. Eyerman,3-D Movie, 1952! Marc LevoyMiscellany50Jytte Bjerregaard,Guess who’s coming to dinner?, 1955Atomic bomb test at Bikini Atoll, photographer unknown, 1946! Marc LevoyPost-1940s - post-modernism!disillusionment with modernism after WWII!photography dominated by photojournalism,