History of photography (part 3):photography as artMarc S. LevoyComputer Science DepartmentStanford UniversityCS 178, Spring 2011History of photography (part 3):photography as artMarc Scheimpflug LevoyComputer Science DepartmentStanford UniversityCS 178, Spring 2010History of photography (part 3):photography as artMarc Stewart LevoyComputer Science DepartmentStanford UniversityCS 178, Spring 2010! Marc LevoyOutline!photography as an aid to artists!genres•allegory•still life!Naturalism!Pictorialism!profile: Alfred Stieglitz4! Marc LevoyPhotography as an artistic medium5William Talbot, The Open Door, 1843(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyPhotography as an aid to artists6Eugène Durieu, Figure Study, 1853Eugène Delacroix, Dante and Virgil in Hell, 1822• Delacroix collaborated with Durieu on these figure studies(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyPhotography as an aid to artists7Thomas Eakins’s students, 1883Thomas Eakins, The Swimming Hole, 1883(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyPhotography as an aid to artists8Maxfield Parrish, illustration for Life, 1923Kitty Owen (granddaughter of William Jennings Bryan)(Ludwig)! Marc LevoyPlanning a photograph9Henry Peach Robinson, Carrolling, 1887pre-production sketchphotograph(Newhall)! Marc LevoyPhotography struggles for respect10Gaspard Tournachon (“Nadar”), from Le Journal Amusant, 1857“Photography asking for just a little place in the exhibition of fine arts.”Francois-Joseph Heim, The Exhibition of 1824! Marc LevoyPhotography struggles for respect12Gaspard Tournachon (“Nadar”), from Le Journal Amusant, 1857“Photography asking for just a little place in the exhibition of fine arts.”! Marc LevoyGenres!allegory!still life13Thomas Cole, The Vogage of Life (1842) I: ChildhoodThomas Cole, The Vogage of Life (1842) II: YouthThomas Cole, The Vogage of Life (1842) III: ManhoodThomas Cole, The Vogage of Life (1842) IV: Old Age! Marc LevoyAllegorical collage18Oscar Rejlander, Two Ways of Life, 1857• huge print (31” wide) • composite of 30 negatives• widely denounced as mechanical• made the artist rich and famous! Marc LevoyOne-frame movie19Henry Peach Robinson, Fading Away, 1858• perfectly healthy 14-year old girl • photograph as theatrical narrative • 5 differently exposed negatives, hence early example of HDR!! Marc LevoyThe Dutch still life20Willem Claesz Heda, Still Life with Oysters, Rum Glass, and Silver Cup, 1634• balanced composition • variety of textures• specular highlights (white if glass, colored if metal)• interreflections• reflected windows(Gardner)! Marc LevoyVanitas21Willem Claesz Heda, Still Life - Vanitas, 1628• intended to symbolize the transience of life, the futility of pleasure, and the certainty of death• common symbols are a skull, clock or candle, pipes for blowing bubbles, leaning glass, rotting fruitHans Holbein,The Ambassadors,1533• anamorphic image of skull• to view without distortion, stand near lower-left corner of painting• salvation is represented by crucifix in upper-left corner! Marc LevoyMemento mori (“Be mindful of death”)23Caravaggio, St. Jerome, 1606Lawrence Olivier in Hamlet, 1948,“Alas, poor Yorick!I knew him, Horatio.”! Marc LevoyPhotographic still life24Hermann Krone, Still Lifeof the Washerwoman, 1853(Rosenblum)Charles Aubry,Leaves, 1864(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyDead nature26Adolphe Braun, Still Lifewith Deer and Wildfowl, 1865(Rosenblum)(Rosenblum)Jean-Baptiste Oudry, Hare, Sheldrake,Bottles, Bread and Cheese, 1742(Baxendall)! Marc LevoyGenres: still life27Adolphe Braun, Still Lifewith Deer and Wildfowl, 1865Jean-Baptiste Oudry, Le Pâté, 1743(at the S.F. Palace of Legion of Honor)(Rosenblum)(Rosenblum)Ansel Adams,Still Life, 1932! 2010 Marc LevoyStill life photographs from CS 17829Nora Willett, Memento Mori (2009)Tatiana IskandarVanitas (2009)Wajahat QadeerHeart Ring (2009)ChangWhan Yea,Caustics (2010)! Marc LevoyNaturalism33Frank Sutcliffe, Water Rats, 1886(Rosenblum)• reaction against the artificiality of genre photographs• blend of Romanticism, lyricism, and early Impressionism• importance of pose, camera vantage point, and atmosphere! Marc LevoyNaturalism34Frank Sutcliffe, Water Rats, 1886George Caleb Bingham, Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, 1845(Rosenblum)(Honour)! Marc Levoy 35Lidell Sawyer, In the Twilight, 1888(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyNaturalism36Lidell Sawyer, In the Twilight, 1888Édouard Manet, Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe, 1863(Rosenblum)(Gardner)! Marc LevoyPictorialism37• photography needed to emulate the art of painting • extreme manipulation of the photograph• photographic ImpressionismEdward Steichen,The Flatiron,1904(Daniel)! Marc Levoy38Edward Steichen,The Flatiron,1904(Daniel)Claude Monet, The Thames and the Houses of Parliament, 1871! Marc Levoy 39James Craig Annan, A Black Canal, 1894(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyPictorialism40James Craig Annan, A Black Canal, 1894(Rosenblum)Claude Monet, La Grenouillère (The Frog Pond), 1869! Marc Levoy 41E.J. Constant Puyo, Summer, 1903(Rosenblum)! Marc LevoyPictorialism42E.J. Constant Puyo, Summer, 1903(Rosenblum)Claude Monet, Poppy Field near Vétheuil, 1879! Marc LevoyAnimating pictures[Chuang SIGGRAPH 2005]43Claude Monet, Bridge at Argenteuil, 1874! Marc LevoyAnimating pictures[Chuang SIGGRAPH 2005]44! Marc LevoyAnimating pictures[Chuang SIGGRAPH 2005]45! Marc LevoyAlfred Stieglitz (1864 - 1946)!began as a Pictorialist!became a Realist as he addressed social themes, then a Modernist as he photographed urban landscapes!photographed (and married) painter Georgia O’Keeffe!first of the “heroic age” ofartist photographers46Sun’s Rays - Paula, Berlin, 1889(Rosenblum)Venetian Canal,1897Miss Thompson, 1907 (collaboration with Clarence White)Leonardo, Mona Lisa (detail), 1503-1519example of sfumatoThe Terminal, 1893 (printed 1913)(Daniel)The Steerage, 1907Portraits ofGeorgia O’Keeffe19181907Spiritual America, 1923(Daniel)From the Shelton Westward, New York, 1931! Marc LevoySlide credits!Newhall, B., The History of Photography, Little, Brown & Co., 1982.!Rosenblum, N., A World History of Photography (4th ed.), Abbeville Press, 2007.!Ludwig, C., Maxfield Parrish, Watson-Guptill, 1973.!Baxandall, M., Shadows and Enlightenment, Yale University Press, 1995.!Tanser and Kleiner, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages (10th ed.), Harcourt Brace, 1996.!Honour and Fleming, The Visual Arts: A History (4th ed.), Harry Abrams, 1995.!Daniel, M., Stieglitz, Steichen, Strand, Yale