Kin325 Anatomical Kinesiology Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 8 Bone features should be recognized but mainly to recognize where muscles have an origin and insertion Lower Extremities Hip Bone innominate bone ILIUM Wing or ala iliac fossa Iliac crest anterior superior iliac spine ASIS posterior superior iliac spine PSIS anterior inferior iliac spine AIIS Greater sciatic notch ISCHIUM greater sciatic notch ischial spine lesser sciatic notch tuberosity of the ischium ischial tuberosity ischial ramus PUBIS Superior ramus medial or symphyseal border surface Inferior ramus Acetabulum Obturator foramen FEMUR head neck greater trochanter lesser trochanter posterior border also called the linea aspera lateral supracondylar line medial supracondylar line popliteal surface lateral condyle lateral epicondyle medial condyle medial epicondyle adductor tubercle patellar surface PATELLA Apex Base Anterior surface Posterior surface Medial facet Lateral facet TIBIA medial condyle lateral condyle Gerdy s tubercle tubercle of the lateral condyle this is difficult to identify on the plastic bones but is easily felt on your own tibia fibular articular surface facet for fibula intercondylar eminence tibial tuberosity soleal line anterior surface lateral border interosseous border medial malleolus malleolar articular facet for articulation with talus inferior articular surface for articulation with talus fibular notch FIBULA Head Interosseous border Lateral malleolus Malleolar articular facet TALUS Head Body CALCANEUS heel Sustentaculum tali This is a knob that extends medially from the bone CUBOID Peroneal sulcus a groove for the tendon of the fibularis longus muscle NAVICULAR Tuberosity of the navicular bone This may occasionally ossify independently of the remainder of the bone in which case it is called an accessory navicular bone MEDIAL INTERMEDIATE AND LATERAL CUNEIFORM BONES These are also called cuneiform bones 1 medial 2 intermediate and 3 lateral METATARSAL BONES base shaft head PHALANGES base shaft head SESAMOID BONES Sesamoid bones are among the smallest bones in the body and develop within tendons or ligaments They occur constantly in some areas the patella is the best example of a constantly occurring sesamoid bone but their frequency varies considerably in other locations Some sesamoid bones such as the patella contribute to the mechanical advantage of their parent muscles Review all the muscle Origins Insertions Actions and Nerves This is necessary to recognize the correct function of the muscles during the exam HIP Hip Joint Movements All highlighted information should be well understood Flexion anterior movement of femur in the sagittal plane Extension posterior movement of femur in the sagittal plane Abduction lateral movement of femur in the frontal plane Adduction medial movement of femur in the frontal plane Internal rotation rotation of femur so anterior surface faces medially in the transverse plane External rotation rotation of femur so anterior surface faces laterally in the transverse plane All these movements are open chain motions in which the pelvis is fixed while the femur moves Closed chain movements at the hip occur with a fixed femur while the pelvis moves Functionally the most important closed chain movement at the hip is elevation of the opposite side of the pelvis This allows the pelvis to stay level when one limb is off the ground Ligaments all limit extension Iliofemoral ligament Y ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Muscles Muscles that act at the hip joint are located in the pelvis on the posterior abdominal wall in the thigh and in the gluteal region Posterior abdominal wall muscles must be seen inside the pelvis beneath the abdominal contents Thigh muscles can be organized into 3 groups most not all muscles in each group are innervated by a single nerve Anterior thigh Femoral Nerve Medial thigh Obturator Nerve Posterior thigh Tibial Nerve Posterior Abdominal Wall ILIACUS Origin Iliac fossa iliac crest Insertion lesser trochanter of the femur Innervation Femoral Nerve Action Hip flexion PSOAS MAJOR Origin transverse processes and sides of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae and lumbar intervertebral discs Insertion Lesser trochanter of the femur Innervation Nerve to Psoas major Action Hip Flexion Iliacus and psoas major share a common insertion and are often referred to as if they were an individual muscle the iliopsoas Psoas Minor absent in 50 of the general population Origin T12 and L1 sides of body of vertebrae Insertion Iliopubic eminence Innervation L1 nerve root Action upward rotation tilt elevation of pelvis Anterior Thigh TENSOR FASCIA LATA E TFL Origin Anterior Superior Iliac Spine ASIS and iliac crest Insertion Iliotibial tract band IT Band Innervation Superior gluteal Nerve Action Hip flexion Hip ABDuction Hip internal rotation SARTORIUS Origin ASIS Insertion Proximal anterior and medial aspect of tibia Pes Anserine insertion Innervation Femoral Nerve Action Hip flexion hip ABDuction hip external rotation Knee flexion knee internal rotation QUADRICEPS FEMORIS Origin Rectus Femoris Anterior inferior iliac spine AIIS and acetabulum Vastus Lateralis Lateral lip of linea aspera lateral intertrochanteric line Vastus Medialis Medial lip of linea aspera medial intertrochanteric line Vastus intermedius Anterior proximal shaft of femur Insertion Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon Innervation Femoral Nerve Action Hip flexion Rectus femoris only Knee extension Medial Thigh GRACILIS Origin Inferior pubic ramus ramus of ischium Insertion Pes Anserine insertion Innervation Obturator Nerve Action Hip ADDuction Knee flexion Knee internal rotation PECTINEUS Origin Superior pubic ramus pectineal line Insertion Pectineal line of femur Innervation Femoral nerve Action Hip flexion hip ADDuction ADDUCTOR LONGUS Origin Pubic tubercle Insertion Middle 1 3 of linea aspera Innervation Obturator Nerve Action Hip flexion hip ADDuction hip Internal Rotation IR ADDUCTOR BREVIS Origin Inferior pubic ramus Insertion proximal 1 3 of linea aspera Innervation Obturator Nerve Action Hip flexion Hip ADDuction hip IR ADDUCTOR MAGNUS Origin Inferior pubic ramus ischial ramus ischial tuberosity Insertion Linea aspera adductor tubercle Innervation Obturator nerve anterior portion tibial nerve posterior portion Action Hip extension posterior fibers Hip ADDuction hip External Rotation hip IR Gluteal Region Posterior Hip GLUTEUS MAXIMUS Origin Posterolateral sacrum coccyx