Kin 325 Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Identify all bones of the lower extremity and determine whether they are right or left side bonesII. Identify all bony prominences and structures listed III. Palpate all bony prominences as indicated I. Identify all joints of the lower extremity and name each bone and bony prominence that forms each joint Outline of Current LectureI. Identify bones of the pelvis, leg, and thigh and name the joints they formII. Describes the movements possible at the hip and knee joints in reference to the anatomical planes and axesIII. Names the major ligaments of the hip and knee and indicate their role in providing stability to the regionIV. Names the major muscle groups of the posterior abdominal wall, thigh, gluteal region, and knee, and identify individual muscles within each group that produce hip and knee movementCurrent Lecture, Hip and Knee:HIPHip Joint Movements:-Flexion: anterior movement of femur in the sagittal plane-Extension: posterior movement of femur in the sagittal plane-Abduction: lateral movement of femur in the frontal plane-Adduction: medial movement of femur in the frontal plane-Internal rotation: rotation of femur so anterior surface faces medially in the transverse planeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-External rotation: rotation of femur so anterior surface faces laterally in the transverse planeAll these movements are “open chain” motions, in which the pelvis is fixed while the femur moves. “Closed chain” movements at the hip occur with a fixed femur while the pelvis moves. Functionally, the most important closed chain movement at the hip is elevation of the opposite side of the pelvis. This allows the pelvis to stay level when one limb is off the ground.Ligaments: (all limit extension)-Iliofemoral ligament (“Y” ligament)-Ischiofemoral ligament-Pubofemoral ligamentMusclesMuscles that act at the hip joint are located in the pelvis (on the posterior abdominal wall), in the thigh and in the gluteal region. Posterior abdominal wall muscles must be seen inside the pelvis, beneath the abdominal contents. Thigh muscles can be organized into 3 groups; most (not all!) muscles in each group are innervated by a single nerve:Anterior thigh: Femoral NerveMedial thigh: Obturator NervePosterior thigh: Tibial NervePosterior Abdominal Wall:-ILIACUSOrigin: Iliac fossa & iliac crestInsertion: lesser trochanter of the femurInnervation: Femoral NerveAction: Hip flexion-PSOAS MAJOROrigin: transverse processes and sides of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae and lumbar intervertebral discsInsertion: Lesser trochanter of the femurInnervation: Nerve to Psoas majorAction: Hip Flexion(Iliacus and psoas major share a common insertion and are often referred to as if they were an individual muscle, the “iliopsoas.”)Psoas Minor: (absent in ~ 50% of the general population.)Origin: T12 and L1 sides of body of vertebraeInsertion: Iliopubic eminenceInnervation: L1 nerve rootAction: upward rotation/tilt/elevation of pelvisAnterior Thigh-TENSOR FASCIA LATA(E) (TFL)Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and iliac crestInsertion: Iliotibial tract/band (IT Band)Innervation: Superior gluteal NerveAction: Hip flexion, Hip ABDuction, Hip internal rotation-SARTORIUSOrigin: ASISInsertion: Proximal, anterior, and medial aspect of tibia (Pes Anserine insertion)Innervation: Femoral NerveAction: Hip flexion, hip ABDuction, hip external rotation; Knee flexion, knee internal rotation-QUADRICEPS FEMORISOrigin: -Rectus Femoris: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and acetabulum-Vastus Lateralis: Lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral intertrochanteric line-Vastus Medialis: Medial lip of linea aspera & medial intertrochanteric line-Vastus intermedius – Anterior proximal shaft of femurInsertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendonInnervation: Femoral NerveAction: Hip flexion (Rectus femoris only!), Knee extensionMedial Thigh-GRACILISOrigin: Inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischiumInsertion: Pes Anserine insertionInnervation: Obturator NerveAction: Hip ADDuction, Knee flexion, Knee internal rotation-PECTINEUSOrigin: Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line)Insertion: Pectineal line of femurInnervation: Femoral nerveAction: Hip flexion, hip ADDuction-ADDUCTOR LONGUSOrigin: Pubic tubercleInsertion: Middle 1/3 of linea asperaInnervation: Obturator NerveAction: Hip flexion, hip ADDuction, (hip Internal Rotation; IR), -ADDUCTOR BREVISOrigin: Inferior pubic ramusInsertion: proximal 1/3 of linea asperaInnervation: Obturator NerveAction: Hip flexion, Hip ADDuction, (hip IR)-ADDUCTOR MAGNUSOrigin: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosityInsertion: Linea aspera, adductor tubercleInnervation: Obturator nerve (anterior portion), tibial nerve (posterior portion)Action: Hip extension (posterior fibers), Hip ADDuction, (hip External Rotation, hip IR)Gluteal Region (Posterior Hip)-GLUTEUS MAXIMUSOrigin: Posterolateral sacrum/coccyx, posterolateral surface of ilium, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, sacrotuberous ligamentInsertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, IT bandInnervation: Inferior gluteal nerveAction: Hip extension, Hip external rotation, hip ABD (upper fibers), Hip ADD (lower fibers)-GLUTEUS MEDIUSOrigin: Lateral surface of iliumInsertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanterInnervation: Superior gluteal nerveAction: Hip ABDuction, Hip flexion and internal rotation (anterior portion), Hip extension and external rotation (posterior fibers)-GLUTEUS MINIMUSOrigin: lateral surface of ilium, (deep to gluteus medius)Insertion: Anterior border of greater trochanterInnervation: Superior gluteal nerveAction: Hip ABDuction, (hip internal rotation and flexion with anterior fibers)-PIRIFORMISOrigin: anterior surface of sacrumInsertion: superior greater trochanterInnervation: Nerve to piriformisAction: Hip external rotation and hip ABDuctionPosterior thigh muscles (hamstrings)-BICEPS FEMORISOrigin: -Long Head – Ischial Tuberosity-Short Head – Lateral linea asperaInsertion: Head of the fibulaInnervation: Tibial Nerve (Long Head), Common Fibular Nerve (Short Head)Action: hip extension and hip ADDuction (long head), knee flexion, and knee externalrotation-SEMITENDINOSUSOrigin: Ischial tuberosityInsertion: Pes anserine insertionInnervation: Tibial NerveAction: Hip extension, hip ADDuction, knee flexion, knee internal