Worster. 3 types of Hydraulic societies and attributes. large scale water system development 1940s-1960sBates. change in values, from commodity only to a wider range of ‘beneficial uses’. water been a central element to every western culture, and in many different ways. future is fundamental principles: Conservation, Equity, EcologyMacDonnell. many examples of Reclamation Ideal in modern west: Yakima River- greatly increased economic activity, ‘secured’ water source with federal assistance, BUT no consideration of salmon (99% reduction in 20th century), water quality, over-allocation, true costs. change occurring: IS a role for every player in the future: rights holders, states, feds, watershed partnerships. primary task ahead: integrate changing human needs & ecological functionsMurphy. overtime Boulder moved drinking water intake upstream and wastewater outfall downstream. wastewater system separate from stormwater system. emerging contaminants . many factors affect water qualityKambic. water a metaphysical element as well as physical. water can be controlled at many scales. physical way we control a water a result of choices & valuesHowe/Mckinsey- Pricing & Econ. pricing can used as a signal for equitable distribution and highest use of resources. subsidized price of water often muddies this signal. ‘closed markets’ most useful in maximizing economic tools. full cost accounting can help identify the truly cost-effective measures available for the future. portfolio approach to water resources likely the only affordable optionGleick. significant drivers in the 20th century that led to building of impressive water system. now is a change in social, political and economic conditions: new paradigm. future is about Productivity of Water: the Soft Path. new principles for water management: Human Needs; Ecological Health; Efficiency; Economics; Alt Supplies; New OrganizationsMid Term Review Summer 10 Geog 4501 Western WaterWestern Water Law. No sharing in western water law: first in time, first in right. beneficial use (the measure of water use) changing with time. water ownership separated from land ownership. consumptive useClimate Report. High mountains of CO less subject to change. CO River likely reduced 6-20%. Increased severity of events. Earlier spring snowmelt likely* Timeline1859 First water rights decrees in Boulder County1878 John Wesley Powell report on CO River and Plateau1902 US Reclamation Act1922 Colorado River Compact1935 Hoover Dam completed on CO River, creating Lake Mead1942 Amendment to CO Compact to include Mexico1953 CO-Big Thompson Project fully developed1965 CA Water Project1970s US Clean Water Act1977 Instream flow first legalized in CO as a beneficial use1988 Xeriscape Principles introduced by Denver Water1990s CA Mono Lake decision enforcing the Public Trust Doctrine2002 Worst drought in Colorado in 300 years2002 Recreational flows first legalized in CO as beneficial use* Know major rivers of the WestMid Term Review Summer 10 Geog 4501 Western