CWCB Climate Report1. authors2. Pg 2 Communicating Uncertainty -sidebar3. Pg 5 key points4. Pg 11 - upward trend in 10-yr avg T5. Pg 13- trends in snow-rain6. Pg 14 - paleoclimate of CO Rvr7. Pg 29 - climate projections8. Pg 41-42 implications for COGleick- 21st Century* Drivers in 20century: 1) pop growth 1.6B to 6.0 B 2) stds of living 3) exp irrig AG 50M hect to 267 M hect THEREFOR Tradition Planning- straight line projection more of the same*. SIX basic principles (181) [1] Human Needs ‘Right to Water’- thousands die daily from lack of access[2] Restore/Maintain Ecological Health - basis of aquatic systems- need for science[3] Non-Structural Approaches: Efficiency in Use and Allocation - fig 4 Productivity: Ton of Steel 1930: 100 tons/ today: 1.5 tonsCA ICI water use 1980-1990 dropped 30% while GrossIndProd rose 30%[4] Economics & Water Pricing: AG subsidies[5] Alt Supplies: Portfolio Approach[6] New Thinking & New Orgs Gleick Waste NotPotential of EfficiencySector by Sector Usage Numbers ImportantCost-Benefit Analysis: needs to be inclusiveMcPherson : Desert LS in Tuscon -Urban vegetation reflects the cultural milieu and relationship with the physical environment.- Oasis in Desert; City as Oasis; Living within a desert environment-1950s. Cheap energy and water led =change: Evap Coolers/ A/C, decline of street trees-Since 70s urban veg has changed dramatically; due to Wtr Dept programs and Pricing: Desert LS an economic necessity. Colby-JacobsWhat mean by the statement about water management- “there are 2 Arizonas”?Ways science not integrated into management policies (groundwater overdraft)new approaches to demand and supply managementClimate change – likely increase water supply variabilityAll water transfers have impacts- some intended, some notFinal Review Geography 4501:Western Water Summer 2011USGS Boulder Creek Watershed (Murphy) 1. Background: This report came from a need by the City of Boulder for baseline information to answer some of the following questions: what is the state of water quality in BCWatershed? Is it fishable, swimmable, drinkable (safe drinking water act standards)? Does the quality vary throughout the watershed? 2. Factors: *BldrCreek Watershed is spatially diverse for such a small area: there are 6 different ecotones (distinctly different ecological zones) in elevations from 4000 to almost14000 feet; * regulations driving stream/river management have often been developed based on stream systems in the eastern US which have quite different characteristics, creating challenges for western managers. * there are 13 tributaries to Boulder Creek and 13 large irrigation ditches in the lower watershed (meaning many water courses flowing through the city that serve as vectors for pollutants, areas of potential flooding, etc.) * over time the city moved the intake for drinking water upstream toward the mountains andthe wastewater plant downstream towards the plains (p.25) * emerging water quality issues: pharmaceuticals, pathogens, invasive species, endocrine disruptors: current wastewater technology does not necessarily regulate or treat most of these (p. 29) * the city wastewater system is completely separate from the stormwater system, thus, any materials that enter a storm drain (usually on street corners) run directly to the nearest stream course or irrigation ditch without treatment. In Boulder, there are over 800 such pipes that convey stormwater. Economics and WaterEconomic signal is clearer in a ‘closed system’ like the Northern District or Australian ‘cap and trade’.Cost/benefit a good tool but must be clear what is internal to the process and what is external.Price may not equal value.Productivity of water increasingly important.Ag Water- Not a big economic driver by traditional measures- many other things that Ag offers to society, i.e.: aesthetics, open space, wildlife - increasing interest in quantifying the Env Services offered by Ag- Big User of Water in the West & Senior Rts Holders- Key: consumptive water use- Are efficiency options, but also policy/legal barriers- Interest in ‘3rd-party’ options, i.e. Trust, SuperDitch, Water Bank, etc.Final Review Geography 4501:Western Water Summer 2011Curry Rosato Outreach & Education Background on city issues/water use graphics.Why Water Providers to Education? Prevention cheaper than clean-up; cons cheaper than new water supplies; raise awareness; encourage behavior change; create lifelong stewards. Also Regs: Stormwater NPDES Specific Programs & Reporting; DrWtr-CCR; WC Plan Req.Tools - KICP & other Partnerships - Continual Measurement & EvaluationJenny Fifita Hutchings, Westy Reclaim Water good,straightforward PC11* less energy intensive, so a ‘greener’ source* tech= virtually pure H2O is possible* Only 5% of US wastewater currently re-used , while AUS 8%-> 30%; Singapore 30%; Israel 70% * Deterrents: WtrRts; Infrastructure Costs ; Regs; Aesth; WQ> need to look at Regional approach* CO: most people treat to Level 2 std: swim beach quality. * LS - water safe, but nutrient issues to be aware of.T H E M E S StatesPrior AppropriationBeneficial UseEnvironment-Society Relationship Productivity of water: goods/unitFinal Review Geography 4501:Western Water Summer