A Comprehensive Assessment ofWater Management in AgricultureEdited by David MoldenforSummaryIWMI Standalone Summary 021407.i1 1 2/14/07 12:24:20 PMFirst published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2007 Copyright © 2007International Water Management InstituteAll rights reservedISBN: 978-1-84407-396-2 paperbackISBN: 978-1-84407-397-9 hardbackCreative direction, editing, and typesetting by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C.Design by Peter Grundy of Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, UKFor a full list of publications please contact:Earthscan8–12 Camden High StreetLondon, NW1 0JH, UKTel: +44 (0)20 7387 8558Fax: +44 (0)20 7387 8998Email: [email protected]: www.earthscan.co.uk22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166-2012, USAPublished with the International Water Management InstituteA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied forThis volume should be cited as:Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. 2007. Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. London: Earthscan, and Colombo: International Water Management Institute.To purchase the full report, Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture (Earthscan, 2007), visit www.earthscan.co.uk.IWMI Standalone Summary 021407.i2 2 2/14/07 12:24:20 PMTable of contentsTeam for the preparation of the report ivPreface vSummary for decisionmakersWill there be enough water to grow enough food? Yes, if… 1Divergent views—divergent understanding 5Water for food—water for life 7Water scarcity—water management 10Future demand for food—and for water 13Influencing what happens next 17Policy action 1 Change the way we think about water and agriculture 19Policy action 2 Fight poverty by improving access to agricultural water and its use 21Policy action 3 Manage agriculture to enhance ecosystem services 22Policy action 4 Increase the productivity of water 24Policy action 5 Upgrade rainfed systems—a little water can go a long way 26Policy action 6 Adapt yesterday’s irrigation to tomorrow’s needs 30Policy action 7 Reform the reform process—targeting state institutions 33Policy action 8 Deal with tradeoffs and make difficult choices 35Table of contents for the synthesis report 39IWMI Standalone Summary 021407.i3 3 2/14/07 12:24:20 PMOverall coordinator: David MoldenChapter coordinating lead authors: Deborah Bossio, Bas Bouman, Gina E. Castillo, Patrick Dugan, Malin Falkenmark, Jean-Marc Faurès, C. Max Finlayson, Charlotte de Fraiture, Line J. Gordon, Douglas J. Merrey, David Molden, François Molle, Regassa E. Namara, Theib Y. Oweis, Don Peden, Manzoor Qadir, Johan Rockström, Tushaar Shah, and Dennis WichelnsChapter lead authors: Akiça Bahri, Randolph Barker, Christophe Béné, Malcolm C.M. Beveridge, Prem S. Bindraban, Randall E. Brummett, Jacob Burke, David Coates, William Critchley, Pay Drechsel, Karen Frenken, Kim Geheb, Munir A. Hanjra, Nuhu Hatibu, Phil Hirsch, Elizabeth Humphreys, Maliha H. Hussein, Eiman Karar, Eric Kemp-Benedict, Jacob. W. Kijne, Bancy Mati, Peter McCornick, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Paramjit Singh Minhas, A.K. Misra, Peter P. Mollinga, Joke Muylwijk, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Helle Munk Ravnborg, Claudia Sadoff, Lisa Schipper, Laurence Smith, Pasquale Steduto, Vasu V. Sugunan, Mark Svendsen, Girma Tadesse, To Phuc Tuong, Hugh Turral, Domitille Vallée, Godert van Lynden, Karen Villholth, Suhas Wani, Robin L. Welcomme, and Philippus WesterReview editors: Sawfat Abdel-Dayem, Paul Appasamy, Fatma Attiah, Jean Boroto, David Coates, Rebecca D’Cruz, John Gowing, Richard Harwood, Jan Lundqvist, David Seckler, Mahendra Shah, Miguel Solanes, Linden Vincent, and Robert WassonStatistical advisors: Charlotte de Fraiture and Karen FrenkenSummary report writing team: David Molden, Lisa Schipper, Charlotte de Fraiture, Jean-Marc Faurès, and Domitille ValléeEditors: Bruce Ross-Larson, principal editor, working with his colleagues Meta de Coquereaumont and Christopher Trott of Communications Development Incorporated in Washington, D.C.Sponsors of the Comprehensive Assessment (who helped shape the assessment, provided key input, and will transmit the results to their constituents):Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Convention on Biological Diversity Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Ramsar Convention on WetlandsSteering Committee: David Molden, Chair (International Water Management Institute); Bas Bouman (International Rice Research Institute); Gina E. Castillo (Oxfam Novib); Patrick Dugan (WorldFish Center); Jean-Marc Faurès (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations); Eiman Karar (Water Research Commission of South Africa); Theib Y. Oweis (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas); Johan Rockström (Stockholm Environment Institute); and Suhas Wani (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics)Comprehensive Assessment Secretariat: David Molden (Coordinator), Sithara Atapattu, Naoya Fujimoto, Sepali Goonaratne, Mala Ranawake, Lisa Schipper, and Domitille ValléeCore support for the assessment process leading to the production of this book was provided by: the governments of the Netherlands, Sweden (through the Swedish Water House), and Switzerland; the World Bank in support of Systemwide Programs; the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Challenge Program on Water and Food; and donors to the International Water Management Institute. Project-specific support was provided by the governments of Austria, Japan, and Taiwan; EU support to the Institutional and Social Innovations in Irrigation Mediterranean Management Project; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Fund; the Rockefeller Foundation; Oxfam Novib; and the CGIAR Gender and Diversity Program. In addition, the many individuals and organizations involved in the assessment supplied countless hours of in-kind contributions.Team for the preparation of the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture and its summary reportIWMI Standalone Summary 021407.i4 4 2/14/07 12:24:21 PMThe