TEL T317 1nd Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I A Theories of Attention II Research on Attention III Comprehension IV Media for Infants Baby Media Outline of Current Lecture I Effects on cognitive development II What others are saying about Baby Media III McKenna and Ossoff Study 1998 IV Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura V Bobo Doll Experiment 1960 s Current Lecture I Effects on cognitive development a Background TV causes issues i Parent child interaction 1 Parents energy and attention is on the screen 2 The child s brain develops mainly from human interactions ii Attention disorders 1 We are re wiring children s brains to constantly desire stimulus changes b Problem Solving i Early problem solving leads to more complex abilities later ii Researchers find that these skills aren t acquired because the screen content is simply entertaining not challenging c Language development i Zimmerman Study 2007 1 Asked about baby media exposure use and level of vocabulary with children These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 2 Found that kids watching baby media knew 8 fewer words than non users because a Video deficit kids learn better faster and more efficiently from a parent person vs baby media content i Baby media isn t a replacement for human interaction b Displacement parents don t reinforce or interact with child to help them learn the lessons d Other Skills emotional motor etc i Children can t determine other human s emotional responses much less their own because cartoons can only evoke so much emotion II What others are saying about Baby Media a FTC 2006 i Said Baby Einstein was dooping American parents 1 Cant back up the promises on the packages 2 Refunded one Baby Einstein video b American Academy of Pediatrics 2011 i Recommend no screen time for any children under the age of 2 1 Parents still don t know this because of being uninformed or too objectively informed form journalistic reports III McKenna and Ossoff Study a Rational what they studied i Had a female villain perpetrator ii Hard distinguishing fantasy vs reality iii Program reached a wide range of ages b Research questions hypotheses i Piaget s Theory 1 Younger will be distracted 2 Older will get the moral message at the end ii Information Processing Theory 1 Only older kids can connect plot scene transition etc c Method i Survey 1 All of the children saw the same video and answered the same questions d Results i Reality vs fantasy 1 Young kids couldn t distinguish ii Central vs peripheral content 1 Central the plot line and moral messages 2 Peripheral the other entertaining aspects of the show a Young kids were too distracted by the peripherals iii Theme 1 Only connected by older kids iv Story sequence 1 Only connected by older kids e Implications i If you want the child to pick up on the pro social lessons the lessons must be the focus consistent throughout the entire show to be registered IV Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura a We understand what kids attend to and what they might remember but how do we explain children s imitation of media b Albert Bandura i Researched under what conditions do children imitate 1 Saw operant vs social learning a Operant action is rewarded punished then that action is either repeated avoided b Social watching others in their environment and reacting to what is seen i Watch model watch model get reinforced observer repeats action V Bobo Doll Experiment a Kids watched a model beat up a Bobo doll then the kids did it b Manipulation of experiment i One group saw a video of the model getting rewarded ii Other group saw the model get punished iii Control group didn t watch a video of a model at all c Findings i Children are more likely to imitate model who was rewarded vs punished ii Children will also imitate when there are no rewards and no punishment 1 This happens a lot in mainstream shows today d Implications i Rewards punishments are key ii Vicarious reinforcement get rewarded punishment that the model gets iii Short and long term imitation 1 9 months later the punished group could still imitate the model 2 Not all of the kids responded in correlation to Bandura s majority findings which implies that there is something else at play