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UCSD CSE 120 - Final Review

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CSE 120CSE 120Principles of OperatingPrinciples of OperatingSystemsSystemsWinter 2007Winter 2007Final ReviewFinal ReviewKeith Keith Marzullo Marzullo and Geoffrey M. Voelkerand Geoffrey M. VoelkerMarch 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 2 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerCourse PlugsCourse Plugs If you like CSE 120 topics, you might find some other coursesinteresting CSE 125: Software System Design and Implementation◆ Sp05 (Voelker)◆ One project the entire quarter» Distributed, real-time, multiplayer 3D game» It might not seem like it, but it is not really a games course◆ Groups of six, oriented towards graduating seniors◆ See CSE 125 class page on Geoff's home page for details CSE 127: Introduction to Computer Security.◆ Sp05 (Savage)◆ Formal models of security as well as the bits and bytes ofsecurity exploitsMarch 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 3 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerOverviewOverview Final mechanics Memory management Paging Page replacement Disk I/O File systems Advanced topics The EndMarch 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 4 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerFinal MechanicsFinal Mechanics Bulk of the final covers material after midterm◆ Memory management, file systems, advanced topics Some material on concurrency, synchronization◆ Synch primitives, synch problems Based upon lecture material, homeworks, and project◆ I will use at least one question from this review on the exam Closed book, one 8.5”x11” sheet of notes◆ Yes, just one◆ Sample final on class web site Again, please, do not cheatMarch 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 5 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerMemory ManagementMemory Management Why is memory management useful?◆ Why do we have virtual memory if it is so complex? What are the mechanisms for implementing MM?◆ Physical and virtual addressing◆ Partitioning, paging, and segmentation◆ Page tables, TLB What are the policies related to MM?◆ Page replacement What are the overheads related to providing memorymanagement?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 6 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerVirtualizing Virtualizing MemoryMemory What is the difference between a physical and virtualaddress? What is the difference between fixed and variablepartitioning?◆ How do base and limit registers work? What is internal fragmentation? What is external fragmentation? What is a protection fault?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 7 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerPagingPaging How is paging different from partitioning? What are the advantages/disadvantages of paging? What are page tables? What are page table entries (PTE)? Know these terms◆ Virtual page number (VPN), page frame number (PFN), offset Know how to break down virtual addresses into pagenumbers, offset How have you implemented paging in Nachos?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 8 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerPage Table EntriesPage Table Entries What is a page table entry? In Nachos? What are all of the PTE bits used for?◆ Modify◆ Reference◆ Valid◆ ProtectionMarch 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 9 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerSegmentationSegmentation What is segmentation? How does it compare/contrast with paging? What are its advantages/disadvantages with respect topartitioning, paging? What is a segment table? How can paging and segmentation be combined?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 10 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerPage TablesPage Tables Page tables introduce overhead◆ Space for storing them◆ Time to use them for translation What techniques can be used to reduce theiroverhead? How do two-level (multi-level) page tables work?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 11 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerTLBsTLBs What problem does the TLB solve? How do TLBs work? Why are TLBs effective? How are TLBs managed?◆ What happens on a TLB miss fault? What is the difference between a hardware andsoftware managed TLB?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 12 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerPage FaultsPage Faults What is a page fault? How is it used to implement demand paged virtualmemory? What is the complete sequence of steps, from a TLBmiss to paging in from disk, for translating a virtualaddress to a physical address?◆ What is done in hardware, what is done in software?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 13 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerAdvanced Advanced Mem Mem ManagementManagement What is shared memory? What is copy on write? What are memory mapped files?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 14 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerPage ReplacementPage Replacement What is the purpose of the page replacementalgorithm? What application behavior does page replacement tryto exploit? When is the page replacement algorithm used? Understand◆ Belady’s (optimal), FIFO, LRU, Approximate LRU, LRU Clock,Working Set, Page Fault Frequency What is thrashing?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 15 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerDiskDisk Understand the memory hierarchy concept, locality Physical disk structure◆ Platters, surfaces, tracks, sectors, cylinders, arms, heads Disk interface◆ How does the OS make requests to the disk? Disk performance◆ What steps determine disk request performance?◆ What are seek, rotation, transfer?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 16 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerDisk SchedulingDisk Scheduling How can disk scheduling improve performance? What are the issues in disk scheduling?◆ Response time, throughput, fairness Review◆ FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCANMarch 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 17 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerFile SystemsFile Systems Topics◆ Files◆ Directories◆ Sharing◆ Protection◆ Layouts◆ Buffer Cache What is a file system? Why are file systems useful (why do we have them)?March 14, 2007 CSE 120 – Final Review 18 © 2007 Keith Marzullo and Geoffrey M. VoelkerFiles and DirectoriesFiles and Directories What is a file?◆ What operations are supported?◆ What characteristics do they have?◆ What are file access methods? What is a directory?◆


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UCSD CSE 120 - Final Review

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