CHEM 1360 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Magnetic materialsII. History of the Periodic Tablea. The Ideas of Democritusb. The Ideas of Lucretiusc. The Ideas of AristotleCurrent LectureThere Are Four Magnetic Materials:Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), and Gadolinium (GD)- All of these have a point at which their magnetism disappears, called the Curie point. - Gd’s Curie point is 27 degrees Celsius.History of the Periodic TableScience involves hypotheses, theory, law, and speculation. - Only about 1% of speculation turns out to be trueIn about 460-370 BC, Democritus proposed that matter was composed of individual particles he called “atoms”.- The prefix “a-“ means not, as in atypical (not typical); “tom” means divisible- Thus the word atom: not divisible.- At the time, this was just speculation! In other words he had no solid evidence to support this idea.Lucretius was a Roman poet (circa 95-55 BC) and philosopher who made the attempt to explain the sensory features of matter with the physical properties of the atoms that compose them. - “Honey and milk are pleasant to the tongue, From smooth round atoms come those things which touch Our senses pleasantly…”- “Hard things… flint, iron, bronze… tight knit, Must have more barbs and hooks to hold them, Must be more interwoven, like thorny branches…”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- “Water must be composed of rounded particles… and salt atoms are roughened and pitted…”- According to Lucretius, the properties of matter that are observed by us depend on the physical behavior and motion atoms (not that the atoms themselves posses these properties)o For example, a lemon is sour not because its atoms are sour, but because its atoms are ragged and scrape across the tongue.The contributions of Democritus and Lucretius are important because they were the bases of the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles whose properties determine how people perceive them.Aristotle believed in a primordial (primary; first) substance that is the basis of all mater in the universe. - This primordial matter could get broken down into 4 elements:o Eartho Fire o Airo Water- According to Aristotle, you could blend the qualities of the elements together to transform one to another or to get a mixture of the twoo For example, copper can be blended with tin to obtain bronze.- Aristotle’s ideas were supported by the findings of miners, who observed that silver can be observed to grow into intricate forms, which was seen as proof of the notion that metals were alive. - Because of these concepts, it was thought at the time that somehow any metal can be turned into that which was most valuable to them: gold.Aristotle’s frame of thought was also critical in the evolution of scientific thought, because it was these concepts that lead the alchemists to aspire to transform metals into gold, leading them to the discovery of thousands of new