HDF 304 Final Exam Study Guide Lectures 24 34 Lecture 24 Abuse and Violence Intimate Partner Violence A The physical sexual or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse B Can occur among heterosexual or same sex couples and does not require sexual intimacy C Types 1 Physical violence a range of behaviors from slapping pushing shoving to severe acts such as being beaten burned or choked 2 Sexual violence a person is forced to engage in sexual act against their will Trying to force them 3 Psychological Emotional violence includes humiliation control isolation from society support network neglect Types of abuse A All family violence is abhorrent but not all family violence is the same 1 Patriarchal terrorism Intimate terrorism a Male systematically abuses female with the goal of gaining and displaying control over her Beatings happen more than once a week and escalate in seriousness over time Most of the time women do not fight back they don t think they can get out of it no alternatives Can involve other types of abuse besides physical Minimizing denying and blaming hitting you but making it your fault Coercion and threats have to have sex with you or they ll beat you Intimidation Emotional abuse Isolation Using children Economic abuse B Common Couple Violence 1 Typical family conflicts that occasionally get out of control a Approximately 50 of couples experience CCV b At least as likely to be enacted by women as by men c Occurs about once every two months d Doesn t escalate over time e Unlike patriarchal terrorism it s not usually related to generalized control issues usually brought up by frustration Stalking A A course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated visual or physical proximity nonconsensual communication or threats or a combination thereof that would cause a reasonable person fear 1 Unwanted phone calls texts etc 2 Receiving unwanted items or gifts 3 Being approached at home or work 4 Being watched followed or tracked with a GPS or listening device B 1 in 6 women and 1 in 19 men in the U S have experienced stalking at some point in their lives C Most often committed by someone the victim knows 1 Most often stalked by a current or former intimate partner 2 24 stalked by acquaintance 3 13 stalked by stranger D STEPS S See it T Threat E Evidence P Protection putting FB on private etc S Support seeking out friends family law enforcement Gender a symmetry in partner violence A It depends on the sample 1 Community survey samples Women are at least as likely if not more to use violence against them 2 Shelter and Police samples nearly all victims are women all perpetrators men B It depends on the type of violence 1 Common Couple Violence Women are at least as likely if not more to use violence against men 2 Patriarchal Terrorism Nearly all victims are women all perpetrators men Keep in mind A Even though gender differences exist 1 Women are more likely to be seriously injured 2 Women are twice as likely to be killed Why differentiate between types of violence A Develop better theories about causes and consequences B Public policy Knowing where and how to direct economic resources C Education and Predictors of Violence A Low socioeconomic status B Stressful events e g unemployment unplanned pregnancy C Family background e g growing up in a violent family Physical and Mental Health Outcomes Asthma Diabetes High Blood Pressure Poor Physical and Mental Health Difficulty sleeping Activity Limitations etc Lecture 25 Abused spouses don t always leave Study of 51 battered women over 2 5 years 43 Left abusive partner unattached or in non abusive relationship 23 Remained with abusive partner no violence for at least 1 year 33 Still in an abusive relationship Reasons people to stay More likely to leave when violence causes injury and is escalating Characteristics that are related to being less likely to leave an abusive relationships Being older Emotional attachment Viewing violence as more normative Depression anxiety lack of efficacy Fear Religion Financial dependence Embarrassment Investment Model Satisfaction level commitment Investment size commitment Quality of Alternatives commitment persistence usually more invested as well Ted Talk The Secrets of Domestic Violence Why does she stay 22 graduated from Harvard writer journalist for Seventeen Magazine Man pointed a gun at her threatening to kill her more times than she can remember Crazy Love Domestic violence happens to EVERYONE Over 85 of abusers are women in families interdependent relationships 16 24 ages be in domestic violence relationships Most victims know nothing about DV don t see the signs or the symptoms Making you leave introducing the threat of violence chokehold bruises 1 in 3 American women experience DV or stalking She didn t see herself as a battered women thought she was the only person who could HELP Connor out of all these demons Court systems threats stalking She broke the silence she told everyone IPV Stats Between 600 000 and 6 million women are victims of domestic violence each year and between 100 000 and 6 million men depending on the type of survey used to obtain the data In 2005 there was IPV in about 1 in every 320 U S households In 2008 IPV constituted 5 of all violence against males and 22 of all violence against females in U S Intimate Partner Homicide About 1 3 of female murder victims aged 12 or older are killed by an intimate partner vs roughly 3 of male victims Intimate partners commit 14 of all murders 1600 women 700 men in 2007 Black women were murdered at a rate nearly 2 5 times higher than white women IPV is a leading cause of homicides and injury related deaths during pregnancy Risk Factors The risk of a woman being killed by an intimate partner significantly increases when the abuser Has access to a gun and has made previous threats or assaults with a gun Threatens murder Is extremely jealous Attempts to strangle the victim Is physically violent with increasing severity and or frequency Abuses drugs or alcohol More than 2 3 of homicide and attempted homicide offenders were intoxicated at the time of the incident compared to fewer than of their victims The victim has recently separated from the offender There is a child in the home who is not biologically related to the offender The offender stalks the victim The victim is abused during pregnancy Lecture 26 Intimate Partner Violence Same Sex Relationships A Some Similarities a Control and