TCF 112 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 6 7 People Orson Welles Known for Citizen Kane Musician theater director and radio performer Brings many artistic talents to cinema Formed The Mercury Players in NYC Fred Astaire Part of Astaire and Rogers Musicals Astaire Rogers Poetics 1 Non diegetic music for many numbers 2 Music and dance are integral to stories 3 Proscenium and subtly moving camera 4 Wide shots capture performers movements 5 Long shots duration to capture entirety of the performance flow editing undermines authenticity Ginger Rogers Part of Astaire and Rogers Musicals Astaire Rogers Poetics 1 Non diegetic music for many numbers 2 Music and dance are integral to stories 3 Proscenium and subtly moving camera 4 Wide shots capture performers movements 5 Long shots duration to capture entirety of the performance flow editing undermines authenticity William H Hays MPPDA first headed by William H Hayes Hay s Code named after him Gregg Toland Refined wide angle cinematography characterized by the use of deep focus Worked on Citizen Kane Herman Mankiewicz Co wrote Citizen Kane Joseph Breen Production Code didn t get its real teeth until Joseph Breen took over Code Under Joseph Breen Enforced in 1934 Created a pre code post code dividing line in film history Production Code was NOT enforced by the government Joseph Breen was head of the new Production Code Administration PCA in 1934 William R Hearst Powerful newspaper owner Was the subject of Orson Welles Citizen Kane William Randolph Hearst wanted Citizen Kane to fail Hearst killed the film in box offices John Ford Wrote about opposition between garden and wilderness Directed The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance John Houseman Directed a modernized version of Julius Caesar that evoked the spectre of Hitler and Mussolini s Fascist states Helped bring Orson Welles to power Was part of The Mercury Players Gene Kelly Directed and starred in Singin In The Rain Al Jolson Starred in The Jazz Singer Mr Brainwash The main subject of Exit Through the Gift Shop Alan Crosland Director of The Jazz Singer Director of Don Juan Busby Berkeley Reinvents the musical Gave film audiences views of the stage performers and sets unavailable to theater viewers Fred Zinnemann Directed High Noon Lee de Forest Invented the audion tube Associated with the birth of the television Patented in 1908 Solved the problem of amplification Banksy Street artist who directed Exit Through The Gift Shop Terms Production Code Administration its rules Set of industry guidelines regarding film content First headed by William H Hayes Created a pre code post code dividing line in film history Production Code was NOT enforced by the government Joseph Breen was head of the new Production Code Administration PCA in 1934 Code Requirements Avoid brutality Avoid sexual promiscuity Shot reverse shot Film technique where one character is shown looking at another character often offscreen and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions the viewer assumes that they are looking at each other A feature of the Classical Hollywood style of continuity editing Welles lightning mixes Relational sound editing Sound as transition Sound bridge lightning mix Welles used this technique to link complex montage sequences via a series of related sounds or phrases Composition in depth Act Sequence Scene Beat From biggest to smallest element of dramatic structure Act a major movement Generally 3 4 Peaks turns in a climactic scene Ends changes on a major reversal Sequence series of events within an act Tied together with single idea or goal Some of the best known elements in film history Typically have a beginning middle and an end Scene Anywhere from 2 5 scenes per sequence Screenplay building blocks Demonstrate action through conflict Discrete self contained units of dramatic action story event Beats Smallest elements of dramatic structure Offer actor opportunity for dramatic choice May not be acted upon Dialectical behaviors or choices exercised in a scene Highlight differences between text and subtext Main elements of Classical Hollywood Style Founded on principle of invisible editing Dominant aesthetic mode in HW for decades Excessively obvious cinema Low High angle shots High angles present a point of view directed at a downward angle on individuals or a scene Low angles view the subject from a position lower than it is Glance object cut A transition from a character looking off screen to a shot of what the character sees Hays Code Nickname for the Production Code Set of industry guidelines regarding film content No real power until Joseph Breen took over Warner Bros Warner Bros studio was responsible for the populizing of sound Took a gamble on sound tech and won Film semantics All elements of a film Genres building blocks and screen elements physical elements characters Integrated musical When musicals begin to integrate musical numbers into more common situations and realistic actions MPPDA MPAA The Motion Picture Production Code MPPDA first headed by William H Hayes Formulated and formally adopted The Production Code The Association of Motion Picture Producers Inc and The Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America Inc Sound on film Single system solution Sound effects music and dialogue are recorded onto a film strip and a light optically reads the audio track producing sound Remedies the problems of length differentials and synchronization Mercury players An independent repertory theatre company founded in New York City in 1937 by Orson Welles and producer John Houseman Continuity editing A system that uses cuts and other transitions to establish verisimilitude and to tell stories efficiently requiring minimal mental effort on the part of the viewers Sound on disc problems Dual system Vitaphone Made popular by Warner Bros Spaghetti western traits Produced by Italian studios Shot in Italy and Spain Charismatic anti hero Demythologized western narratives International casts and crews Popular 1960 s 1970 s Low production budgets Narration vs Plot vs Story Story what the film tells us events that characters go through Plot abstract scheme of the story dispassionate summary Narration strategic telling of the story how the story is assembled and communicated to the audience Catholic Legion of Decency An organization dedicated to identifying and combating objectionable content from the point of