TCF 112 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1-4People:- Charlie Chaplin Co-founded the United ArtistsComedy Method:o Character-based comedy (emotion based)o Social awareness via comedy (issues like class and poverty)o Static camera“Little Tramp”- Sergei EisensteinAdvanced montage as the key component of modernist, politically engaging filmmaking in the Soviet UnionMaster of Soviet montageTransformed Marxist theory into editing technique- Buster KeatonComedy Method:o Character-based comedy (not emotional)o Mobile camerao Film for narrativeo Character changed by his surroundings“The Great Stone Face”- Thomas IncePart of the Triangle CompanySet up the prototype for HW studio system in his studio called Inceville- Fritz LangRenowned for his blocking of crowd scenesFilms: Metropolis and Fury - Thomas EdisonDealt in science, industry, business, and spectacle. Focused on innovation and hardware.Patented the first motion picture camera- Mack SennetCreated black and white, silent comedies in the 1920’s- August & Louis LumièreInvented cinematograph- W.K.L. DicksonCreated the kinetoscope and the kinetograph- Jackie ChanStunt starMovies used the legacy of silent films and their techniques, like camera tricks and physical tricks.- Lev KuleshovSoviet filmmakerCreated Kuleshov effectExperimented with film and editing techniques - Peter LorreFritz Lang cast him as the psychopathic child killer in M Roles in horror films/films with dark subject matterUnique accent- Emil JanningsVery first actor to win the Academy Award for Best ActorStarred in The Last Laugh - Dziga VertovAdvanced montage as the key component of modernist, politically engaging filmmaking in the Soviet UnionInnovated the collection of documentary sounds Created documentary films with strong ideological messagesCreated Kino-PravdaFilms: Man with a Movie Camera- Siegfried KracauerEmphasized the difference between visible sound and non-visible soundExperimented with sound techniques and use- V.I. Pudovkin“The foundation of film art is editing”- F.W. MurnauIntegrated the documentary world into the narrative filmFilms: The Last Laugh and Nosferatu- D.W. GriffithSynthesizer of cinematic formKey Contributions:1. Makes the rescue and chase sequences a cinematic staple2. Perfected Narrative Economy3. Dynamic Moving Camera4. Filmed and edited shots in the classical Hollywood style5. Improved Pictorial Quality6. Improved Screen Acting- Karl FreundWorked with D. W. Griffith to create Metropolis- Edwin S. PorterMultiple shots and different anglesManipulation of cinematic timeParallel editingContinuity editingVaried shot perspectiveNew basic film unitFilms: Life of an American Firefighter and The Great Train Robbery- George MélièsStop-motion photographyMultiple exposuresCinematic transitionsSFX21st century viral magicCinema created its own realityOne shot=one scene; series of scenes=movie- Thomas DixonStarred in The Birth of a Nation- Roscoe “Faty” ArbuckleHelped Buster Keaton to start his careerWorked at Mack Sennett's Keystone film studio- Mary PickfordFormed United Artists company with Douglas Fairbanks, D.W. Griffith and Charles ChaplinStarred in Pollyanna“America’s Sweetheart”- Douglas FairbanksStarred in swashbuckling adventure films- Karl Marx (Marxism)Ideological argument against naturalization of conventions and the mystification of how things workHad a profound influence on shaping film theory before the 1970’s- Robert WeineCreated The Cabinet of Dr. CaligarTerms:- ZoetropeAllowed a person to view a series of images through slits in a circular wheel, a view that creates the illusion of a moving image- Kuleshov WorkshopExperimented with editing on pieces of film his students and Kuleshov already had.Intolerance (1916) became the “textbook” for him and his studentsPut theory of montage at the center of Soviet filmmaking- Cinematographe (adv/dis)Advantages:o Portableo Versatileo Standardized film speedo Changed aestheticso Actualitieso Dynamic perspectiveo Camera and subject movemento In-depth compositionDisadvantages:o Film used was highly flammableo Sound recording still unable outdoors and mobile- ExpressionismArtists expression of turbulent inner feelings captures subjective emotions and depicts them dramaticallyDominate artistic mode in the 20’sProvides means for representing subjective reality (internal feelings), in a medium that’s been good at depicting external reality- Pan, tilt, dolly, craneA pan moves the frame from side to side without chaning the placement of the cameraA tilt moves the frame up or down on a horizontal axis as the camera rotates on its mountA dolly is where the camera is moved on a wheeled dolly that follows a determined courseA crane shot depicts the action or subject from high above - ActualitiesMini-documentaries- Mise-en-sceneIncludes everything in the frameLiterally translated as “putting into the scene”May Include:o Lightingo Set constructiono Art designo Costumingo Blocking of actors- DissolveBriefly superimposes one shot over the next, which takes its place- Dialectical montageTwo shots linked dialectically become synthesized into something greater, a visual concept- CutThe break in the image that marks the physical connection between two shots from two different pieces of film- ChiaroscuroLighting A pictorial arrangement of light and dark that can create the uneasy atmospheres found in German expressionist films- “Gag rule”The gag had to play out and come to a conclusion in 90 seconds or less- Triangle CompanyCombination of Ince, Sennett, and Griffith in the silent film industry- Match-cutThe direction of an action is edited to a shot depicting the continuation of that action- UFAPrincipal film studio in GermanyMajor force in cinema during German Golden Age- ParafumetCompany name after UFA became part of Paramount and MGM- Cross-cuttingAlternating between two or more strands of simultaneous action- Proscenium stagingArea of a theatre surrounding the stage opening- Unchained cameraInnovation by filmmaker F.W. MurnauAllowed for filmmakers to get shots from cameras in motion Enabled them to use pan, tilt, dolly, and crane shots- Moscow Film SchoolFirst national film schoolFounded in 1919 with Russian filmmakers Sergei Eisenstein, Vsevolod Pudovkin, and Lev Kuleshov- Relational editingEditing of shots for the purposes of comparison or for the contrast