PHYS-P 150 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 12-21What is the critical band?- When two pure tones are close in frequency so there is a considerable overlap in their amplitude envelope on the basilar membrane What was Fechner’s Law?- Intensity of a sensation increases as the logarithm of the stimulus- Frequency response of ear, musical scale and loudness of sound intensity level are all logarithmic What are the units for intensity, intensity level, loudness level and pitch?- Intensity: w/m^2- Intensity Level: Decibels- Loudness Level: Phon- Pitch: Hertz Is sound intensity level and sound pressure level the same?- YesWhat is a phon?- SPL at 1000 Hz known as the equal loudness What is a sone?- The loudness of a pure toneWhat does it mean to mask a tone?- When ear is exposed to two or more tones, it is common that that one tone can mask the other one- There is no masking if the two tones do not overlap- Lower tones usually mask higher tonesWhat is the pitch of a pure tone?- It may depend on the intensity- If frequency is higher than 2000 Hertz, it is perceived as a higher pitch- If frequency is lower than 2000 Hertz, it is perceived as a lower pitch- If it is a complex wave form, pitch will only slightly change as intensity changesWhat is the virtual pitch and how do you solve for it? - It is a complex tone composed of several frequencies that can be perceived as the virtual pitch- Solve it by finding the highest tone frequency that has the highest common integer multiple What is the virtual pitch of 200 and 300 Hertz?- 100 Hertz because it is the highest common integer What is the place theory?- It is the theory that states hearing is associated with a resonant area of basilar membrane What is the periodicity theory?- The ear performs time analysis of a sound wave What are the four theories on absolute pitch?- Heredity, learning through training, unlearning by emphasis on relative pitch and imprinting by learning at a young age What are the three different waves of the Fourier analysis?- Sawtooth, square and triangle What is timbre and what is its important role?- It is the attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which a listener can judge two sounds - Plays an important role in recognizing music sounds and personal speechWhat is the difference between consonance and dissonance?- Consonance: Intervals of music that are found to have the frequency ratio of simple integer fractions, and it is pleasant to the ear- Dissonance: It is the roughness that results when tones with appropriate frequency difference are combined at the same
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