Child Psychology 560 Moral Gender Role Development 1 03 04 2014 Moral Development What is morality o What is moral is what you feel good after and whit is moral is what you feel bad after Hemmingway Principles concerning right vs wrong and good vs bad behavior o Prescriptive rules people should follow in their interactions with others o Moral Reasoning Piaget and Kohlberg Tied to cognitive development Invariant stages Tested with vignettes and moral dilemmas Tested mostly boys Piaget Piagetian Vignette 1 o Piagetian Vignette 2 o Story of a boy who accidentally knocks off tray of fifteen cups Boy trying to get jam and knocked over one cup Piaget Heteronomous Stage 5 8 years o Think the boy who broke 15 cups accidentally was more wrong Consequences intentions Right and wrong Rules can t be changed Piaget Autonomous Stage 10 years o The boy who broke one cup more wrong broke it deviously Intentions consequences Cooperation and equality Rules are alterable Instrumental Helping o o Vaish et al 3 year olds saw an actor who was either Harmful Tried but failed to be harmful Was accidentally harmful Helpful DV who did kids help Kids helped actors in last 2 conditions significantly more than first 2 conditions o Paying attention to intentions Intentions outcomes Message 3 year olds taking intentions into account unlike Piaget said Kohlberg Expanded on Piaget M D moral development continues over lifespan Maturation and socialization Reasoning responses Heinz Dilemma video o o o Read story to kid and ask questions after Man named Heinz steals life saving drug for dying wife Kids asked if it was right to steal Preconventional o Stage 1 Obedience Punishment Avoidance o o How do I maintain social order Stage 5 Social Contract Utilitarian the greater good o What is the nice thing to do Stage 4 Law and Order o What s in it for me Stage 3 Good girl nice boy o How do I avoid punishment Stage 2 Self Interest What makes for a good society Stage 6 Universal Ethical Principles adherence to justice rights equality etc A lot said no Law aside what is the right thing to do In the news Recent moral dilemma video o o Man may be sent to prison after clerical error Never given court appointment for decades Critiques of Kohlberg o 2 stages simultaneously context dependent reasoning o Based on western values Buddisht monks laymen o Underestimated nurture of moral development Carol Gilligan o o Environment really important Kohlberg based on boys Girls value caring and sensitivity to other s needs Jonathon Haidt o o Moral emotion and intuition Reasoning comes later Pro sociality Altruism Sharing Empathy Naturally prosocial o o o Born good youtube video Puppet shows for kids that tried to show differences between right wrong of babies chose nice puppet rather than mean puppet at 5 months old When do kids produce prosocial behaviors o Mothers reports of children s responses to others distress Altruistic Helping o o o Report that it starts around 15 20 months Experimental 18 month olds response to adult who is struggling to reach a goal Control Same task adult not struggling Experiment control Humans as natural helpers o Also tested with chimps helped but less often Nature Nurure Raising Pro social kids o o o Authoritative parenting WHY good and bad Scaffold Empathy Model prosocial behaviors NY Times Article 4 11 14 Grusec and Redler o o o Praise rewards Praise charter to child not action Praise more influential at age 8 Antisociality This American Life Podcast Bad Baby o Kid had almost sociopathic behavior as a little kid remember it 30 years later o o Predictors of Delinquency o o o o o Known for being evil as kid In supermarket yelled out I don t want cat food for supper again Low cognitive control Peer influence Inconsistent permissive behavior Low SES Males females Nurture Political Violence and Morality o Normalization of violence o Disruption of moral agency connecting actions to mental states Right vs wrong does not own actions Violence is not a personal choice Adaptive 14 year old Colombia o o o inability to manage aggressive impulses References to observable behaviors Absence of references to mental states o Perpetrator victim N N Interaction o o Biology and experience contribute to prosocial and antisocial behavior More examples o Strong expression of genetic tendency for aggression when peers are aggressive Brendgen Easy temperaments warmer parenting Parents with genetic propensity to be aggressive may use harsher discipline 03 04 2014 03 04 2014