Child Psychology 560 Infant Sensation Perception and Learning 4 03 04 2014 Statistical Learning in Infancy Word Segmentation Where are the silences between words Hard to tell where words begin and end especially in foreign languages Statistical cues to word boundaries o o o Pre tty ba by When baby hears pre it is a decent chance that tty will follow Statistical probability to associate pre and tty Within word high probability After tty really anything could follow because a new word is coming next Do babies track statistics o o o o Learning experience Artificial language Nonsense words tokibu gopila gikoba tipolu 8 month olds listen for 2 minutes with above words in random order and no pauses Only cue to word boundaries statistics certain syllables go together Test them by preferential listening method Preferential listening method o o o Infants like to listen to familiar things until they get bored Two trials one is familiar word and one is novel part word items Compare their interest in words vs part words Between words low probability Preferential listening Waisman Center Infant Learning Lab o Head turn Preference Procedure Three blinking lights one in front one on each side If look to light words play from speaker Can tell what they are interested in infants succeed Prefer more novel words Shows they can tell different between word segmentations based on statistics Baby statisticians o o o o o o Adults kids babies Newborns And non humans Real speech too Not just speech music shapes actions And lost of other aspects of language Social Learning in Infancy Social learning and speech perception o o Recall shift in speech perception Non native to native e g Hindi Japanese Track statistics of individual phonemes What about role of human interaction Social learning speech perception Kuhl video o o o American and Taiwanese infants at 8 months on same level of making difference between Mandarin sounds 2 months later Taiwanese babies way better than American babies In study had Americans do Taiwanese training during those 2 months Babies exposed to Mandarin at same level as normal Taiwanese babies Did only audio and only TV tests too kids were at original American level Takes people teaching them to learn Mandarin o o o Human interaction improved Mandarin perception Audio no improvement Audio visual no improvement Social Learning Babbling Goldstein Experimental group o Instrumental operant conditioning Yoked control DV increase in babbling rate Tried to see if they could get babies to babble more Every time baby babbled moms were supposed to reinforce the babbling In control told through headphones to reinforce at same time as other groups o So they would get same amount of reinforcement but not tied to babbling Results o Social response condition had more babbling than control Statistical and Social Learning in Infancy iBabies o Baby media and technology for babies DVDs and Learning o o In 2005 of top 100 infant DVDs made educational claims 2009 lawsuit against Baby Einstein Disney refund Deloache et al 2010 study o o Word learning 12 18 month olds popular DVD In infant s home parent logs 4 weeks 10 hours of viewing Conditions Video with interaction Video without interaction Parent teaching o List of 25 words form video but no video Control Results Parent teaching condition condition without video was best Other 2 had no real differences Technology is here to stay How can it facilitate or at least not hinder child development 03 04 2014 03 04 2014