ASTR 101 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture II. Clicker questions,III. Conservation laws in astronomy,IV. Basic types of energyOutline of Current Lecture I. The force of gravity,II. Changing orbit,III. Tides and phases of the moonCurrent LectureI. The force of gravity,a. What determined the force of gravity? First you must have 2 objects. They objects are separated by the distance, r. Define the mass of the 2 objects. The larger the mass, the stronger the force. b. How does newton’s law of gravity extend Kepler’s law? Kepler’s first 2 laws apply to all orbiting objects, not just planets. Ellipses can be more than just orbital pathsII. Changing an orbita. It’s not that easy to change an orbit because the angular momentum and energy are both conserved, unless an external force is applied. EX- if a comet comes intoour solar system, it may temporarily orbit the sun and then fly off. With Jupiter though, it may transfer some angular momentum and then settle into a new orbit around the sun. b. Escape velocity: if you throw something hard enough, it will escape. It doesn’t matter how heavy the object is, it just needs speed. EX- you could shoot a bullet through with strong enough velocity and it will escape. Escape velocity from the Earth = 11 km/sec, which is very fast.III. Tides and phases of the moona. The moon’s speed in rotation is locked (we see only one side of the moon)—tidal interaction. The tidal bulge of the Earth is misaligned with the moon. This changes the gravitational force between the Earth and the moon—if the Earth rotates faster, the moon will produce a drag to bring it back. The tidal force also has a reverse effect on the moon. The bulge pulls the moon ahead, increasing itsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.orbital distance. The moon is being accelerated by the Earth when it passes some of its angular momentum to the moon, which means that the moon’s distance from the Earth is actually increasing with