ASTR 101 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Clicker questions,II. Newton’s law of motionOutline of Current Lecture I. Clicker questions,II. Conservation laws in astronomy,III. Basic types of energyCurrent LectureI. Clicker questions,a. Which of the following was Newton’s insight about gravity? --it is responsible for the motion of the Moon around Earth. Gravity is the change in an object’s acceleration, so the force itself does not necessarily produce a change, since that is the actual definition of gravity. b. Newton’s second law of motion states: the acceleration of an object is equal to the force acting on it divided by its mass. c. All of Newton’s laws of motion express the concept that: a force (and only a force) always changes the momentum of an object. II. Conservation laws in astronomy,a. What is required to change an object’s angular momentum? --a transfer of angular momentum to another objectb. The energy of earth’s rotation is an example of kinetic energy.c. Conservative momentumd. Angular momentum is conserved as Earth orbits the Sun. i. When the planet is closer to the sun, it will move faster. And the speed will also be faster if the radium is smaller. ii. Momentum = L = mViii. Can’t change unless an external twist/torque acts upon it. When the orbitchanges, then angular momentum will change. Angular momentum also exists for objects moving in straight lines. III. Basic types of energy: energy can change its type, but cannot be destroyed.a. Kinetic energy = K = ½mv2. b. Radiative energy (light, electromagnetic waves)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Stored/potential energy. EX- we have the potential to fall after standing, but currently we are not falling. EX- chemical potential energy, we require potential energy from the food we eat by storing that energy and using it later. d. Thermal energy: the collective kinetic energy of many particles. It depends on temperature and density.e. Gravitational potential energy: depends on mass, strength of gravity, and distance the object could