ASTR 101 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide Chapters 11 17 and some of 18 Need green scantron Chapter 11 17 and some of 18 I II II Physics a Degeneracy pressure i Electrons DP iron star white dwarf helium core in a star Related to Heisenberg s uncertainty principle ii Neutrons DP b Relativity ch 16 i Special R based on the principle that the laws of physics are the same for all uniformly moving observers and the speed of light is the same for all observers Different observers measure different times lengths and masses ii General R tries to solve the problem of motion under gravity Matter tells space time how to curve Curved space time tells matter how to move The laws of physics are the same for any freely falling observers there is no distinction between gravitational and internal accelerations iii Go throught the what is good relativity slide slide 2 on Chapter 16 ppt May have a few questions over it GPS a Time dilation in gravitational field b Stretching of space c Space time d Look back time near earth and far away Stars a Sun i Source of energy ii Structure star quakes as probe of stellar structure iii Proton proton chain energy transport iv Solar activity and Sun spots b Surveys of stars i Luminosity temperature color and mass radius How do these quantities show up on the HR diagram ii H R Diagram iii Main sequence giants supergiants and white dwarfs iv Star clusters globular clusters ages of stars and star clusters b Star stuff i Formation ii Evolution 1 Low mass planetary nebulae has nothing to do with planet at end of star s life it ejects lots of gas into interstellar media white dwarf Type 1a II II supernova can produce iron if explodes no Hydrogen no helium strong silicon 2 High mass core collapse supernova many with strong hydrogen b Nuclear burning i Low mass never goes beyond carbon doesn t produce iron in a low mass star ii High mass CNO cycle b Chemical evolution in stars after you learn how stars burn and produce heavy elements should understand how chemical layers evolve in stars c Some special stars White dwarfs neutron stars and black holes d The mass limit for white dwarfs and neutron stars determined by degeneracy pressure 10 solar mass neutron star is wrong There is a limit e Novae supernovae i Novae is something occurring on surface of white dwarfs but not blowing white dwarf apart It may produce some nuclear reaction and matter you dumped on the surface of WF will be ejected into interstellar medium causing a nova ii Type 1a supernova white dwarf itself explodes and disappears Galaxies a Milky way i Structure 1 Disk gas and dust 2 Bulge closer to center and doesn t have much of the cold gas either 3 Halo small amount of hot gas no dust no cold gas no star forming activities 4 Kinematics a Disk halo and bulge b Disk move on a disk orbiting the center of milky way c Halo stars move at a higher orbit ii Star gas star structure each of the circles produce more metal iii History of the halo and disk iv The galactic center the super massive black hole b Surveys of galaxies i Three major types of galaxies elliptical spiral irregular galaxy clustering ii Distances of galaxies 1 Cepheid variables standard candle type 1a supernova 2 Hubble s law age of the universe 3 Look back time ii Galaxy evolution iii Protogalactic clouds orbiting galaxies starbursts Cosmology a Expanding space time i Relativistic view of space time ii Matter energy and space time b Big bang and inflation i Forces in early universe II ii Planck GUT electroweak particle nucleosynthesis nuclei atoms galaxies b Evidence of Big Bang i CMB ii Cosmic abundance of elements b Inflation c The problems and solution structure formation CMB homogeneities flatness of the universe d Dark matter what are the rotation curves they violate Kepler s law dark energy we see the expansion of the universe has accelerated why did that happen Mysterious force in the universe and we don t know what that is DE i What are they ii Why do we think they exist An example problem a A galaxy was found to be at a redshift of 7200 km sec b What is the distance to the galaxy according to Hubble s Law assuming a Hubble constant of 72 kmsec Mpc c What is the look back time to the galaxy in years 1 parasec 3 26 light years d 7200 72 100 e answer 326 million years