THAR 281 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 11 19 Lecture 11 The 18th century What is some general background on the 18th century The Enlightenment is happening knowledge and philosophy are on people s mind Age of Colonization moves to a global scale big surge in the middle class Who was Denis Diderot French philosopher famous for his encyclopedia 1772 In his work The Paradox of Acting he wanted actors to deeply emerge into their parts Has influence on realism Fourth Wall performers unaware of audience Created Drama Bourgeois bout for the middle class sets morals mixes comedy and tragedy What was middle class tragedy like No longer about the upper class Morality is often a theme Lean toward sentimentality and melodrama What was sentimental comedy like Like Restoration Comedy except it is less amoral amoral no morals at all Reaffirms middle class values Laughing Comedy set boundary for satire in Restoration and sweetness in Sentimental Ex She Stoops to Conquer by Oliver Goldsmith Who was Richard Brinsley Sheridan Sentimental comedy playwright politician and theater director Most famous playwright of late 18th century Famous Works The Rivals and The School for Scandal Name of characters gives off idea of how their personalities are What was ballad opera Parody of Italian opera done by combining popular songs and dialogue no recitative Similar to Opera Comic French comedy type Ex The Beggars of Opera by John Gay What was strum and drang storm and stress A rebellion against neoclassical ideals that leads into romanticism Ex The Robbers by Schiller and some works of Goethe Who was the emerging director Complexity in buildings and advancements in technology Changes cause need for an outside person to unify all aspects Director would be the playwright back then Who was David Garrick English pre director who focused on stage positioning of characters props etc Who was Johann Wolfgang Van Goethe German playwright theorist and early pre director Trained actors really rigorously ensemble work and specificity Established modern rules of etiquette in theaters ex applause Famous Works Faust Lecture 12 The 19th Century 1800 1875 What is the general background of the 19th century French Revolution 1785 and American Revolution 1775 1783 were influential Nationalism is increasing industrialization increasing Intellectual community focusing in on man s worker s rights Marx and Darwin Prominent Forms of Theater Romanticism Melodrama The Well Made Play What was romanticism Like Strum and Drang theater don t follow neoclassical rules Favors mood quality over plot and character Individuality and freedom are most valued What is melodrama It is music drama very dramatic music Vamp woman who is rather heavy wears revealing clothes can t tell who s side she is on Modern equivalent of melodrama is a soap opera What is the well made play Structured in an almost mechanical fashion climatic form stereotypical characters What was delsarte Series of gestures and vocalizations that each indicate a particular emotional state How did touring work and what were the benefits Becomes source of revenue with improved transportation network time efficient Benefits performers have steady work larger audience watch reputation of star performers grows Who were major stars of the time period Ira Alarrage could not work in U S but was famous elsewhere Edwin Booth U S most famous actor in the 19th century known for his Hamlet Sarah Benhart known for theatric personality on off stage most famous actress Eleonora Duse Italian tried to disappear into character much more realistic shy and reserved Who was Duke of Saxe Meningen Was a pre director who insisted on historical accuracy in clothes Crafted intricate crowded scenes on stage Who was Wilhelm Richard Wagner Composer and director of operas argued for a total theater Controversial politics and theories at the time Famous Works The Flying Dutchman Tristan and Isolde The Ring Cycle What was the grand opera Lavish sets and costumes ornate and extravagant style declines because too expensive Large choruses 30 50 people included ballet a place to see and be seen Who was Guiseppe Verdi Identified with Romanticism writing becomes complex characters become multidimensional His music is highly influential to other musical forms Famous works Aida Le Treviota Rigoletto Lecture 13 Realism What is the general background on realism Industrial Revolution is in full swing Trend against norms continued now people question why they should rebel against norms Movement toward authenticity development of psychological analysis Focuses on everyday life issues and people Deals with socially sensitive topics usually censored What is naturalism An extreme form of realism everything should be literal Believed drama should edit nothing most of the time it s about the lower classes Who was Henrik Ibsen Founder of modern realism theme in his works the destructive power of society on the individual Famous Works Hedda Gabler A Doll s House An Enemy of the People What was A Doll s House about A woman who leaves her husband realizes she is unhappy in her marriage because slams the door Door slam represented the uprising of realism caused uproar Who was Hedda Gabler Old love comes back into her life after she gets married She feels stuck in the middle and eventually commits suicide example of moral relativism Who was Anton Chekhov Uses comedy as tool in defining tragedy Most of his works are about provincial ordinary people Works take place in small house outside the country type of setting Famous Works The Seagull The Three Sisters The Cherry Orchard Uncle Vanya What was the Moscow Art Theater Heavily influenced by Duke Sax Meningen Used an intricate set historical accuracy and same actors to create ensemble Who was Konstantin Stanislavski Co founder of Moscow Art Theater approached work as an ensemble Develops system of acting at Moscow Art Theater played all 4 of Chekhov s plays Most famous for technique of acting training What was Stanislavski s method Outlined in the book An Actor Prepares Goals were to make onstage behavior look convincing Actors play with action objective onstage life and orchestration work as an ensemble Techniques Relaxation Concentration Observation Specifics Subtext Given circumstances Objectives Kinesthetic response Lecture 14 Anti Realism What are the components of symbolism Leading movement of time period cohesively identifiable Favored mood quality over plot character Who