DM120 Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I Types of fibers Outline of Current Lecture II Manufactured fibers part 1 A Natural Fibers III Timeline of fibers IV Properties and end uses of each fiber Current Lecture Natural Fibers 1910 rayon and acetate 1939 nylon 1959 spandex 1980 microfibers 2002PLA nanotechnology Genetic Names Rules and regulations of textiles fiber Fiber Products Identification Act TFPIA Rayon First manufactured fiber 1910 in US by American Viscose Company primarily cellulose in content greatly resembles cotton in its chemical properties viscose rayon vs cuprammonium finer shearer softer makes more durable fibers more expensive than viscose Favorable properties include hydrophilic good strength and abrasion resistance no static or piling issues wash with care dry cleanable Unfavorable properties include weak when wet strength recovered when dry poor elasticity shrinkage from washing attached by mildew silverfish End uses include wide range of products in apparel interior furnishings and industrial eras Trademarks Galaxy rayon Bemberg Lensing Viscose Acetate From cellulose acetate substance favorable properties include excellent drape luxurious hand Unfavorable properties include poor strength abrasion resistance elasticity Trademarks cleanse estron chromspan Nylon First commonly used in 1939 by dupoint the second most manufactured fabric in the US next to polyester chemical components 6 6 Favorable properties include lightweight excellent strength abrasion resistance good elasticity good drape washable dry cleanable Unfavorable properties include hydrophobic static and piling issues poor sunlight resistance End uses include wide range of products in apparel interior industrial fields Trademarks Anso Meryl These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Spandex First commercially available in 1959 by DuPoint elastomeric manufactured fiber filament monofilament elastane used in Europe Favorable properties include lightweight excellent strength and good recovery over 500 elongation good durability no piling or static Unfavorable properties include it is hydrophobic it is not very strong poor air resistance usually covered in yarns or in dyed spandex and it is expensive End uses include denim undergarments support products swimwear Polyester The number one used manufactured fiber in the U S Favorable properties include it is medium weight fiber very strong and it has good abrasion resistance Unfavorable properties include that it is almost completely hydrophobic End uses include apparel interior furnishings and industrial areas Trademarked by Eco fi Dagron COOLMAX ESP Polargard Repreve Fortrel COOLMAX fabric pulls moisture away from your skin absorbs and spreads moisture out across fabric to enhance evaporative drying rate air moves in to keep your body cool and dry Acrylic Manufactured fiber used as wool substitute Favorable properties include it is lightweight sunlight resistant good drape and good resiliency and elasticity Unfavorable properties include it is not particularly strong and there are often piling and static issues End uses include sweaters blankets carpeting and outdoor products Trademarked by Creslan Dralon and Silpalon Olefin Polypropylene and polyethylene Favorable properties include lightweight strong and abrasion resistant Unfavorable properties include it is almost completely hydrophobic End uses are running cycling driving surfing apparel Trademarked by Essera Herculon and Spectra Polyactic Acid PLA Produced from corn first biodegradable fiber a new genetic fiber classification 2002 85 by weight of lactic acid ester units derived from naturally occurring sugars produced from sugars Ingeo fibers Yarn fabric and non woven fabric staple multifilament and monofilament Blended with cotton wool and viscose Popular in Europe and America in the present world