Fabrics with Special Features cid 127 Moisture transport moves moisture away from skin Comfort cooling Hollow core fibers trap heat cid 127 Wool is only natural fiber with hollow core cid 127 Wicking hydrophobic fibers Push Pull Effect fabric made with different fibers on both sides hydrophobic on skin side hydrophilic on environment side cid 127 Waterproof Breathable fabrics transports moisture from inside out and air from the outside in Poromeric Has a membrane of breathable yet completely waterproof fabric cid 127 Waterproof permanent because of laminate water sits on outside of fabric cid 127 Water Resistant water seeps into top layers Temp Humidity gradient moves warm moist air outside of clothing Thermal Insulation prevents loss of body heat dependent on the fabrics Dead air still air perfect insulator Fabrics with poor cover allows cold air in and is bad cid 127 Wetness increases heat loss hydrophobic fibers for wicking Batting textiles ability to not mat or become thin aids in insulation usually cotton and polyester Electrotextiles or smart fabrics have flexible electronic circuitry solar cells batteries and medical monitoring Phase Change Materials substance that alternates between being a solid gives off heat and liquid state Industrial Fabrics are engineered to meet special performance requirements Thinsulate and Primaloft Thermolite Polartec Finished product Consumed in process Combines with other materials cid 127 Geotextiles are used in construction and vicil engineering applications EX Drainage filtration erosion control stabilization protection moisture barriers etc Biotechnology implementation of textiles within the body to help heal EX Mesh in hernia repairs regenerated tendons and connective tissues heart valces vessels etc Specialty Fibers Cordura Nylon Invista TM Kevlar and Nomex aramid fibers Dupont TM Leather Excellent air and water vapor permeable textile Split leather thicker hides cut into thinner layers Full grain leather that hasn t been split Suede leather generally made from split leather Tanning chemical finish to make skin pliable water and rot resistant Top grain is highest quality Patent leather high gloss durable made by applying successive coats of polyurethane Reconstituted leather ground leather pieces bound together with urethane Suede skin is sanded on flesh side Nubuck sanded on grain side produces a velvety hand Fur cid 127 Quality is affected by age health and season when the animal was killed Dyeing pluck and sheer clipped groove adds dimensional properties cid 127 Many marketing problems because of animal rights groups Care and Renovation of Textiles Bleeding loss of color in water Colorfastness related to chemistry of fibers dyes and pigments penetration and fixation Fading color loss due to perspiration gas fumes sunlight dyes degraded cid 127 Migration color movement to adjacent areas or fabrics poor colorfastness on red thread Crocking color transfer to another fabric or skin from rubbing together Tendering destruction of fabric due to reaction of dye and fiber caused by heat light atmospheric contamination Frosting color portion of fabric lost by abrasion Spectra fiber is 15 times stronger than steel more durable than polyester and has a specific strength that is up to 40 greater than that of aramid fiber cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 Care the procedures to remove soil and return products to new or nearly new conditions e i storage conditions Care Labeling Regulation permanent label that contains care instructions including words or symbols about washing drying ironing bleaching warnings or precautions and dry cleaning cid 127 Water soluble soils can be dissolved and removed by immersion in water Non water soluble soils or organic soils are removed by the assistance of a detergent or soap Soaps made of sodium salts of a fatty acid Detergent synthetic detergents produced thru chemistry Surfactants substances that lower the surface tension Additives bleaches water softeners fabric softeners starches fragrances enzymes pretreatment Perchlorethylene or perc is the most used dry cleaning solvent Big environmental impact Carcinogen Hydrocarbons dry cleaning solvent toxicity and environmental impact Liquid CO2 could be new dry cleaning solvent but its expensive cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127