Biol 2300 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 2Lecture 1 (August 28th- September 4th)Chapter 1-Humans and the Microbial World1. The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms, which he called "animalcules", was van Leeuwenhoek2. The idea of Spontaneous Generation postulated that living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material.3. Which of these scientist(s) was/were involved in, among other things, investigating theidea of spontaneous generation? Redi AND Pasteur4.Cellulose is a major component of plants and is only directly digested by microorganisms.5.Bioremediation refers to using bacteria to clean up pollutants.6.The Golden Age of Medical Microbiology occurred during the late 1800's to early 1900's, is a time when the knowledge of and techniques to work with bacteria blossomed AND was when people realized that diseases could be caused by invisible agents.7.. Smallpox has been eliminated, AND was dealt with by vaccination.8. Bacteria are good models to use because they share many biochemical/physiologicalproperties with more complicated organisms.9.The prokaryotic cell scheme is found in Bacteria AND Archaea.10.Which is/are the correct form(s)? Staphylococcus aureus AND S. aureus 11.Viruses, viroids and prions all operate intracellularly AND may be considered acellular agents of disease.12.Viruses simultaneously contain DNA, RNA and protein. FALSE13.The scientific name of an organism indicates its domain. FALSE 14.The human body only contains bacteria during illness. FALSEChapter 2- The Molecules of Life1.The positively charged component of the atom is the proton2. A protein may need help, in the form of chaperones, to assume the correct shape.3.Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA? ribose AND uracil4. The characteristic common to all lipids is their solubility in organic solvents AND hydrophobic nature.5. Unsaturated fats have lower melting points than saturated fats. TRUE6. Phospholipids are nonpolar molecules. FALSE7. From top to bottom, the two strands of DNA both go in the same, 5 to 3, direction. FALSELecture 2 (September 9th - September 11th)Chapter 3-Microscopy and Cell Structure 1.Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus.2.The two magnifying lenses found in a light microscope are the ocular and objective.3.Which of the following microscope types would be least useful in viewing unstained living cells? bright-field4.Basic dyes have positive charges.5.Which may result in Gram-positive bacteria appearing to be Gram-negative? decolorizing too long AND using old cultures6.The endospore stain is applicable to only a few groups of bacteria AND usually shows the spores as green structures among a background of pink cells.7. Immunofluorescence uses fluorescently tagged molecules, makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies AND would require a special UV microscope.8.Which is not true of the cytoplasmic membrane? It consists mainly of a fixed, static phospholipid bilayer.9.The structures used for motility in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are flagella.10.The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma contain sterols for "strength".11.The cytoskeleton is a dynamic structure composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.12.LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram positive bacteria. FALSE13.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have once been free living bacteria that invaded another cell. TRUE14.Prokaryotes may ingest particles via phagocytosis. FALSEChapter 4- Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth1.All the bacterial cells that result from the replication of a single organism are said to be a pure culture 2.The scientist that contributed most to the development of pure culture techniques was Robert Koch.3.Prokaryotic cells divide by a process known as binary fission.4.Biofilms are a polysaccharide-encased community of microorganisms, may enhance bioremediation efforts AND may protect organisms against harmful chemicals.5.The solidifying agent used most successfully in bacterial nutrient media is agar.6.Bacteria may be stored on a slant in the refrigerator, frozen in glycerol solution AND lyophilized.7.In microbiology, growth usually refers to an increase in size of the bacteria.