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GSU BIOL 2300 - Exam 2 Study Guide

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BIOL 2300 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Chapter 5: Control of Microbial Growth1. One of the first chemicals used by Lister to prevent surgical sepsis was A. alcohol.B. iodine.C. carbolic acid.D. mercury.2. The process of killing or removing all the microorganisms in or on a materialis termed A. sterilization.B. disinfection.C. sanitation.D. antisepsis.3. A sterile item is free of A. microbes.B. endospores.C. viruses.D. prions.E. microbes, endospores AND viruses.4. Pasteurization A. is the use of heat to sterilize food products.B. is the use of heat to reduce pathogenic/spoilage bacteria to a safe level.C. is a process which uses intense cold to kill microorganisms on foods.D. is a process which uses short bursts of radiation to kill microorganisms onfoods.5. Plain soap is very effective in controlling spread of microorganisms because it is A. bacteriostatic.B. very effective at the mechanical removal of microorganisms.C. virucidal.D. bactericidal.6. To reduce or eliminate disease/spoilage causing organisms, food is often subjected to A. heat.B. chemical additives.C. radiation.D. cold.E. All of the choices are correct7. A common environmental organism that may even grow in certain chemicaldisinfectants is A. Escherichia coli.B. Streptococcus pneumoniae.C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.D. enveloped virus.8. Upon treatment with heat or chemicals, bacteria will A. all die immediately.B. die at a constant proportion.C. die at an exponential rate.D. die at a geometric rate9. If a process kills 90% of the organisms per minute, how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms? A. 1 minuteB. 2 minutesC. 3 minutesD. 6 minutes10.Microbial death rates may be affected by A. pH.B. temperature.C. the presence of organics.D. All of the choices are correct11.Moist heat kills microorganisms by A. irreversible coagulation of proteins.B. destruction of carbohydrates in the cell wall.C. denaturation of nucleic acids.D. dissolving the capsule12.. Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because A. heat sensitive instruments may be destroyed.B. heat resistant endospores are unaffected.C. water boils at a higher temperature at lower altitudes.D. viruses are more sensitive to heat than bacteria.13.Typical conditions used for sterilization are A. 100C for 10 minutes.B. 121C at 15 psi for 15 minutes.C. 80C for 15 minutes.D. 72C for 15 seconds.14.Which of the following methods sterilize the materials? A. PasteurizationB. High-temperature-short-time pasteurization (HTST)C. Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) methodD. None of these are sterilization methods15.Commercial canning processes A. are geared to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores.B. kill all endospores.C. are especially needed on low acid foods.D. are 12D processes.E. are geared to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores, are especially needed on low acid foods, AND are 12D processes.Chapter 21- Antimicrobial Medications1. Prontosil effectively acted on streptococci when the drug was split by enzymes to produce A. penicillin.B. sulfanilamide.C. erythromycin.D. Salvarsan.2. Penicillin was discovered by A. Koch.B. Hooke.C. Fleming.D. Ehrlich.3. The most effective form of penicillin is A. A.B. B.C. E.D. G.4. One of the earliest antimicrobials isolated from a bacterium was A. penicillin.B. ampicillin.C. Salvarsan.D. streptomycin.5. Which of the following groups of microorganisms produces antibiotics? A. PenicilliumB. StreptomycesC. BacillusD. All of the choices are correct.E. Penicillium AND Streptomyces6. The antimicrobials produced by some molds and bacteria are generally called A. insecticides.B. biocides.C. antiseptics.D. antibiotics.7. A high therapeutic index is A. more toxic to the patient.B. less toxic to the patient.C. has no effect on the patient.D. has no effect on the pathogen.8. The toxicity of a given drug is expressed as the A. selective toxicity.B. biocide index.C. biostatic index.D. therapeutic index9. Drugs that are bacteriostatic A. kill bacteria.B. promote bacterial growth.C. inactivate bacterial spores.D. inhibit the growth of bacteria.10.Antibiotics that affect various strains of Gram-positive bacteria and various strains of Gram-negative bacteria are called A. isolate usable.B. stress-induced.C. narrow spectrum.D. broad spectrum.11.Antibiotics that are most likely to disrupt the normal flora are termed A. narrow spectrum.B. broad spectrum.C. targeted spectrum.D. semi-synthetic.12.Antimicrobials may produce A. allergic reactions.B. toxic effects.C. suppression of normal flora.D. All of the choices are correct.13.Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan? A. penicillinB. cephalosporinC. vancomycinD. bacitracinE. All of the choices are correct.14.Which of the following bacteria have an innate resistance to penicillin? A. S. aureusB. S. epidermidisC. M. luteusD. Mycoplasma15.Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan? A. penicillinB. cephalosporinC. vancomycinD. bacitracinE. All of the choices are correct.16.All members of the penicillin family have A. beta-lactam rings.B. alpha-lactam rings.C. phenolic rings.D. sulfanilic rings.17.Penicillin-binding proteins A. primarily function in the cell to bind to beta-lactam drugs.B. are enzymes.C. are involved in cell wall synthesis.D. inhibit non-growing bacteria.E. are enzymes AND are involved in cell wall synthesis.18.The major classe(s) of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis is/are A. aminoglycosidesB. tetracyclines.C. macrolides.D. bacitracins.E. aminoglycosides, tetracyclines AND macrolides19.Sulfonamide and trimethoprim are both A. examples of metabolic inhibitors.B. folate inhibitors.C. protein synthesis inhibitors.D. inhibitors of cell wall synthesis.E. examples of metabolic inhibitors AND folate inhibitors.20.The minimum bactericidal concentration is the lowest concentration of a specific antimicrobial drug that kills _______ of a specific type of bacteria. A. 10%B. 50%C. 99.9%D. 100%GOOD LUCK ON EXAM


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