Alimentary System InfectionsMicrobiology: A Human PerspectiveExam 4 Study Guide Skin and wound infections The normal habitat of Clostridium tetani is A. humans.B. animals.C. plants.D. soil and dust.Wound infections may result inA. delayed healing.B. abscess formation.C. extension of bacteria or their products into surrounding tissues or bloodstream.D. aerobic conditions.E. delayed healing, abscess formation AND extension of bacteria or their products into surrounding tissues or bloodstream.-Which of the following has been associated with the flesh-eating organism? A. H. lechter B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Streptococcus pyogenes-A localized collection of pus in a wound is termed a(n) A. leukocyte.B. dead tissue.C. granulation mound.D. abscess. Factor(s) not found in abscesses is/are A. pus.B. dead leukocytes.C. tissue remnants.D. blood vessels.Tetanus prevents the release of neurotransmitters from A. muscle cells.B. excitatory neurons.C. inhibitory neurons.D. tetano cells.Tetanus antitoxin is A. antibody against the bacteria.B. inactivated toxin.C. inactivated bacteria.D. antibody against the toxin.The toxin implicated in C. perfringens toxicity is A. tetanospasmin.B. exoenzyme S.C. alpha-toxin phospholipaseD. endoenzyme T.Effective treatment of gas gangrene primarily involves A. use of an antitoxin.B. use of immune globulins.C. vaccination with inactivated toxin.D. surgical removal of dead and infected tissues.Which of the following produces a greenish pigment that may appear in infected wounds? A. E. coliB. S. aureusC. S. pyogenesD. P. aeruginosa. Diphtheroids A-are part of the normal flora of the skin.B. are responsible for body odor.C. include P. acnes.D. include Malassezia spp.E. are part of the normal flora of the skin, are responsible for body odor AND include P. acnes. . Which of the following normal skin flora is a small yeast?A. staphylococciB. diphtheroidsC. Candida spp.D. Malassezia spp. . The growth of P. acnes within hair follicles, in many individuals, leads to A. eczema.B. carbuncles.C. boils.D. acne.The principal species of Staphylococcus found on the skin is A. aureus.B. acnes.C. pyogenes.D. epidermidis.The bacteria that appear to maintain balance between the members of the normal flora and play a vital role in limiting colonization by pathogens are A. staphylococci.B. diptheroids.C. Candida spp.D. Malassezia spp.. The member of the normal flora sometimes considered responsible for tinea versicolor is A. staphylococci.B. diptheroids.C. Candida spp.D. Malassezia spp. . Which is deemed the most serious staphylococcal skin infection? A. tinea versicolorB. folliculitisC. furunclesD. carbuncles . A protein associated with a more virulent form of Staphylococcus is A. leukocidin.B. mannose.C. streptokinase.D. coagulase.Respiratory diseases. The eyes are protected from infection by A. the washing action of the tears and eyelids.B. the chemical action of lysozyme.C. the use of contact lenses.D. the dryness of the eye surface.E. the washing action of the tears and eyelids AND the chemical action of lysozyme. . The cause of strep throat is A. Staphylococcus aureusB. Streptococcus pyogenes- beta-hemolytic, group AC. Staphylococcus pyogenes- alpha-hemolytic, group BD. Streptococcus pneumoniae. The disease characterized by the appearance of a toxin-mediated rash that spares the area around the mouth and causes the tongue to look like the surface of a ripe strawberry is A. measles.B. chickenpox.C. strep throat.D. scarlet fever.. Diphtheria toxin works on A. lysosomes.B. mitochondria.C. chloroplasts.D. elongation factor 2. . Which is used in the vaccination for C. diphtheriae? A. protein AB. M proteinC. toxoidD. red blood cells . The most common bacterial pathogen(s) involved with sinusitis, otitis media and conjunctivitis is/are A. S. aureusB. H. influenzaeC. S. pneumoniaeD. S. epidermidisE. H. influenzae AND S. pneumoniae. Otitis media and sinusitis are usually preceded by a(n) A. middle ear infection.B. pseudomonal infection.C. oropharyngeal infection.D. nasopharyngeal infection. . Otitis media probably develops from an infection that spread A. from the outer ear to the middle ear.B. from the sensory neurons of the middle ear.C. through the tympanic membrane.D. upward through the eustachian tube. . Most colds are probably caused by A. rhinovirus.B. S. aureus.C. Pseudomonas sp.D. E. coli. . The reservoir of the common cold is the A. family pet.B. human.C. infected fomite.D. fruit.Colds are effectively treated with A. antibiotics.B. aspirin and acetaminophen.C. proteases.D. nucleotide analogs.E. None of the choices is correct. Effective preventive methods for avoiding the common cold is/are A. hand washing.B. avoiding crowds.C. not touching one's face.D. avoiding close contact with people with colds.E. All of the choices are correct. The disease that closely resembles "strep throat" but is of viral origin is A. the common cold.B. otitis media.C. tonsilitis.D. adenoviral pharyngitis. Adenoviral pharyngitis is effectively treated withA. antibiotics.B. lysozyme.C. proteases.D. nucleotide analogs.E. None of the choices is correct.. Which of the following are considered diseases of the lower respiratory tract? A. diphtheria and pneumoniaB. influenza and diphtheriaC. tuberculosis and pneumoniaD. common cold and tuberculosis . About 60% of the bacterial pneumonias that require hospitalization of adults are caused by A. S. pyogenes.B. S. pneumoniae.C. S. aureus.D. K. pneumonia. . The characteristic virulence factor of S. pneumoniae is A. a capsule.B. flagella.C. pili.D. cilia. . The key virulence factor of S. pneumoniae interferes with A. the action of C3.B. the action of C3b.C. the action of C5a.D. interferon.. Both S. pneumoniae and K. pneumoniae use this as a virulence factor. A. piliB. flagellaC. capsulesD. cilia . The causative agent of the pneumonia that causes permanent lung damage, may be nosocomial and has a high mortality if untreated is A. S. pneumoniae.B. K. pneumoniae.C. S. pyogenes.D. S. aureus. . The virulence of Klebsiella is due partly to the A. motility of the organism.B. exotoxin produced.C. engorgement of blood vessels.D. antiphagocytic properties of their capsules.E. exotoxin produced AND antiphagocytic properties of their capsules.. The resistance of Klebsiella to antibiotics may be A. chromosomal mediated.B. plasmid