ADSC 2010 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 10*Focus on bolded vocabulary wordsLecture 1 (August 18)What is animal science? the science of domestic animals- Domestic: has separation from a wild counterpart- Livestock, wildlife, domesticAgriculture: use products from plant or animal and how animal science relates to it- What is the goal of agriculture? stability & efficiencyWhat was the first animal domesticated? Wolf  dog (12-14,000 years ago)What was the first food animal domesticated? Sheep (10,000 years ago)Lecture 2 (August 20)What are the key characteristics for domestication?- Social structure similar to our own- Reproduce in captivity- Hardy (adaptable)- Economic benefit to humans- Naturally more docile behavior What shows evidence of domestication?- Divergence from wild counterparts- Neoteny: retention of juvenile traits into adulthoodo Morphology, physiology, & behavior- NOT TAMENESSo Fox Farm ExperimentWhat is piebald coat color? Skin lacking pigmentation- (Belyaev = “star”)What were characteristics of the neolithic revolution? (8000-3500 BC)- Domestication of animals- Emergence of agriculture, textiles, and pottery- Less nomadic populationsWhat is a symbiotic relationship? Benefit to both members in a relationship- Benefit to animals: food, shelter, affection, protection- Benefit to humans: food, social interactions, religious changes, economic shif- Nutrients: any chemical substance that provides nourishment to the bodyWhat animal was saved from extinction through domestication? HorseWild vs. Feral- Wild: not domesticated at all- Feral: domesticated then released Lecture 3 (August 22)What are the characteristics of developed countries?- Better economy- Government structure- Good with technology- Industrialized- Income per capita (person/unit)- Longevity/Education of populationWhat is the most utilized meat source? PigWhat animal product has the highest growth rate of consumption? ChickenWhat is the #1 meat product? PorkWhat is the #1 non-terminal product? Milk - #1 dairy product: cheeseHow many pounds are in a metric ton? 2200 lbsWhat are essential fatty acids? Acids that the body can’t synthesize- Used for metabolism: how we use food, water, & nutrients to aid in body functionsWhat are byproducts? Output from production process that is minor in quality or valueLecture 4 (August 25)Areas that developed agricultural systems first now are least developed- Middle East, India, South Asia, East AsiaAgrarian: anything having to do with agricultureWhat are the 3 systems of agriculture and their characteristics?- Primitive (hunter-gatherer): supplemented with non-agricultural food sources- Subsistence: sustain themselves with no surplus to marketo Transhumance: stable place but nomadic in certain times of the yearo Pastoralism: use herding/grazing animalso Shifing cultivation: beginning to shif to developedo Slash & burn: cutting down forests to establish cattle operationo Sedentary: integrate system of animals and plants- Developed: turn a profit; commercialized/industrializedo Market to sustain ito Focus on making profito Crops & livestocko Intensive: less land per pound of animal productLecture 5 (August 27)Taxonomy: scientific breakdown of organisms; break down classifications of plants/animals into natural relationship groups- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, SpeciesKnow the taxonomy for the following & the characteristics of each classification:- Cattle (bovine)o K: Animalia (multicellular; eukaryotic)o P: Chordata (dorsal hollow nerve chord)o C: Mammalia (hair, mammary glands)o O: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)o F: Bovidae (ruminants, hollow nondeciduous horn, 4-hooved)o G: Bos (cow)o S: taurus (domesticated cow); indicus (heat tolerant)- Goat (caprine)o K, P, C, O, F: sameo G: Capra (goat)o S: hircus (domesticated goat)- Sheep (ovine)o K, P, C, O, F: sameo G: Ovis (sheep)o S: aries (domesticated sheep)- Swine (porcine)o K, P, C, O: sameo F: Suidae (monogastric, 4 toes on hoof, pigs & hogs)o G: Sus (pig)o S: domesticus (domesticated pig)- Horse (equine)o K, P, C: same o O: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)o F: Equidae (only one genus)o G: Equus (horse-like)o S: caballus (modern horse)- Chicken o K, P: sameo C: Aves (all birds, feathers, eggs)o O: Gallifornes (ground-dwelling, heavier body)o F: Phasianidae (pheasants, jungle fowl, partridges)o G: Gallus (red jungle fowl  Gallus gallus)o S: domesticus (domestic chicken)Lecture 6 (August 29) Know the top five of the following: (memorize #1; other 4 don’t have to be in order)- Commodities:1. Cattle 2. Corn3. Poultry & Eggs4. Soybean5. Dairy- Cattle Production:1. USA2. Brazil3. China4. Argentina5. Australia- Cattle Inventory:1. Brazil2. India3. China4. USA5. Ethiopia- Pig Production:1. China2. Brazil3. USA4. Germany5. Spain- Pig Inventory:1. China2. Brazil3. USA4. Germany5. Vietnam- Sheep Production:1. China2. Australia3. New Zealand4. Sudan5. India- Sheep Inventory:1. China2. Australia3. India4. Sudan5. Iran- Chicken (meat) Production:1. USA2. China3. Brazil4. Russian Federation5. Mexico- Chicken (eggs) Production:1. China2. USA3. India4. Mexico5. Japan- Chicken Inventory:1. China2. USA3. Indonesia4. Brazil5. India- Goat Production:1. China2. India3. Nigeria4. Pakistan5. Bangladesh- Goat Inventory:1. China2. India3. Pakistan4. Nigeria5. Bangladesh- Horse Production:1. China2. Mexico3. Kazahkstan4. Russian Federation5. Mongolia- Horse Inventory:1. USA2. Mexico 3. China4. Brazil5. ArgentinaLecture 7 (September 3)- Top Milk Producing Countries:1. India2. USA 3. China4. Pakistan5. BrazilReasons for Inadequate Food Supplies (Developing)- Lack of knowledge- Population concentration (# of people; amount of agriculture)- Lack of wealth - Government policies- Environmental Challenges (lack of arable land, lack of rainfall, plant & animal diseases)- Religious or social tabooHow do we “eat cheap”?- Efficiency of production- Use of additives & promotants- Use of biotechnology- Farm subsidies (government support)- Vertical integration (factory farming)Lecture 8 (September 8)Know the following sex condition terminology:Intact Male Castrated MaleSpecies Young Mature Young MatureCattle Calf Bull Bull Steer StagSwinePigletBoar Boar Barrow StagSheep Lamb Ram Ram Wether StagHorse Foal Colt StallionGelding-------Goat Kid Buck Buck Wether -------Chicken Chick