BIOM 182Bang, Michel(Christofer)2013 SpringWeek 7Lecture 15February 20Genetic Variation- MutationsI. Ultimate source of variation- Sexual Reproduction a) Crossing b) Independent Assortment- Frequency dependent Selection- Environmental Variation- Subpopulations in different geographic regionsMechanisms- Gene Flow- Random Genetic Drif a) Bottleneck Effects b) Founder Effects- Selection a) Artificial Selection b) Natural Selection(1) Directional, Disruptive, and Stabilizing(2) Sexual SelectionEusociality- Giving up one’s reproductive potential is contrary to basic premise of Natural Selection (to survive and reproduce) Ex. Ants, Bees, Termites, and etc.Inclusive Fitness- The individuals genetic contribution to subsequent generations both via production of its own offspring and its influence on survival of relatives who are not direct descendantsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Group Selection- Individuals staying together helping each other have a better chance of survival than a single or few individualsKin Selection- Inclusive Fitness- Certain genotypes may code for behaviors that help close relatives raise more offspring than they would without help- These relatives would be favored by selection, provided that their close relatives are likely to have copies of the same allelesComplexityAll traits in a organism are built on earlier versions of that trait- Mulitcellular- Many different cell types- Many different structures- Internal specialization- Number of functions- Must have genetic basis, as it has evolvedComplexity: Co-evolution- Plant-herbivore interactions- Parasite-host interactionsComplexity: Self-Organization- Together with an increase in systemic complexity, may result in and emergent property- Self-organization creates order in any complex systemEx.
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