Lecture 1Outline of Last Lecture I.Outline of Current Lecture I. AtmosphereII. AerosolsIII. History of MeteorologyIV. WeatherV. ClimateVI. Observing WeatherVII. Wind DirectionCurrent LectureVIII. Atmospherea. thin layer of air surrounding earthb. 99% is within 30 km (18 miles) from surfacec. vital for lifei. need air to breahteii. liquid water1. if no air, water boils awayiii. temps not freezing cold or boiling hotd. 78% Nitrogen; 21% Oxygeni. the main componentsii. carbon dioxide increasin ATMS 100 1st Editioniii. Argon 1%e. water vapor concentration varies between 0-4%; depends on weatheri. the more humid it is the more water vaporf. methane: natural gasg. ozone: absorbs harmful UV raysIX.Aerosolsa. small liquid and solid particles in atmospherei. natural and man made pollutantsb. component of smogc. reduce visibilityX. History of Meteorologya. 340 B.C.: Aristotle Meterologica b. 1600’s-1700’s: weather instruments inventedc. 1843: telegraph inventedd. 1920’s: study of air masses and frontse. 1950’s: weather radar and computersf. 1960’s: first satellites launchedXI.Weathera. atmospheric conditions at particular time and placeb. Elements:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. temp, pressure, humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, visibil-ity, wind speed and directionc. Events:i. drought (most deadly), flood (second deadliest), hurricane, tornadoes, mid-latitude cycloneXII. Climatea. average weather over long period of timei. weather recordsii. changes over long period and nowb. look at long term trends and weather data to evaluate changesi. detailedc. cannot see it by looking out windowi. what you expect, weather is what you getXIII. Observing Weathera. satellites: view clouds from spaceb. radar: views precipitation from groundi. doppler radar: sense motion of precipitation toward/away from radarii. reflectivity (rain)iii. strong outbound and strong inbound on adjacent radials in-dicate rotation and a tornado potentiallyiv. green= toward red = awayXIV. Wind Directiona. the direction from which it blows fromi. Northwind: brings weather from North to Southb. stick on station model identifies wind directioni. points in direction wind comes fromc. masses of warm and cold air meet at frontsi. cold front: cold air advancesii. warm from: cold air retreatsd. fronts connect to low pressure centersi. low: counter-clockwise and inward circulation and clouds/precipitationii. high: clockwise and outward circulation and clear skies
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