Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. General Background on the England Restoration Period II. Elizabethan vs. RestorationIII. Characteristics of England Restored TheaterIV. Comedy of MannerV. Aphra BehnVI. William WycherleyVII. William CongreveRecap:Important themes in Triumph of Love : 1. Love Triumphs Over All (by any means necessary)2. Instinct/Emotion vs. Knowledge3. Illusion vs. RealityCommedia del’ Arte influence Could be episodic form, but more climatic formOutline of Current Lecture I. General Background of the 18th CenturyII. Denis DiderotIII. Middle Class TragedyIV. Sentimental ComedyV. Ballad OperaVI. Strum and DrangVII. The Emerging DirectorVIII. Johann Wolfgang Van Goethe Current LectureI. General Background of the 18th Centurya. There is a philosophical movementi. The Enlightenmentii. Knowledge and philosophy are on people’s mindb. Age of Colonizationi. Moves to a global scalec. Big surge in the middle class THAR 281 1st EditionII. Denis Diderota. French philosopherb. Famous for his encyclopediai. Published in 1772ii. 17 volumes longc. In his work “The Paradox of Acting” he called for actors to craft their parts (get into them)i. Has influence on realismd. Concept of the Fourth Walli. Performers are unaware of audiencee. Called for the formation of a new genre: Drama Bourgeoisi. About and for the middle classii. Content sets middle class moralsiii. Allows for mixing of drama (comedy and tragedy)III. Middle Class Tragedya. Make drama for middle class because they are the main audience b. Content moves from upper class characters and plotc. Morality is often a themed. Lean toward sentimentality and melodrama (typical good and bad guy)IV. Sentimental Comedya. Becomes popular in Englandb. Like Restoration Comedy except it is less amoral (amoral = no morals at all)c. It is morald. Reaffirms middle class valuese. Ex: Full House or Home Improvement showsf. Laughing Comedyi. Attempted to set boundary for satire in Restoration and sweetness in Sentimental ‘ii. Ex: “She Stoops to Conquer” by Oliver Goldsmith g. Richard Brinsley Sheridani. Sentimental comedy playwright, politician, and theater directorii. Most famous playwright of late 18th centuryiii. Famous Works: “The Rivals” and “The School for Scandal”iv. Name of characters gives off idea of how their personalities are V. Ballad Operaa. Parody of Italian operab. Done by combining popular songs and dialoguei. No recitativec. Similar to Opera Comic (French comedy type)d. Ex: “The Beggars of Opera” by John Gayi. Had over 69 short songs in itVI. Sturm and Dranga. Means “storm and stress” or “storm and urge”b. A rebellion against neoclassical idealsc. Leads into romanticismd. Ex: “The Robbers” by Schiller and some works of Goethe VII. The Emerging Directora. There’s a lot of improvements in technical theateri. Complexity in buildingsii. Advancements in technologyiii. Causes need for an outside person to unify all aspectsiv. Director would be the playwright back then b. David Garricki. English pre-director who focused on stage positioning of characters, props, etc. VIII. Johann Wolfgang Van Goethea. German playwright, theorist, and early pre-directorb. Trained actors really rigorouslyi. Emphasized specificity and ensemble workc. Established modern rules of etiquette in theatersi. Some still used today like applause or no applaused. Famous Works:
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