Why are teens more susceptible to sex and the media?They are more interested in it, the media tailors messages to them about sex, they are in a sensitive life stage because of cognitive development and risk evaluation, less life experienceCultivation theory  The fact that we are exposure to consistent pervasive messages over a long period of time and it influences our attitudes and beliefsSex on TVThere is little mention of risk, responsibility, contraception, and negative consequences.We assume that if it’s on a children’s channel then its safeMona showed pictures how teen characters dress and act that sexual depictions are there, but we don’t look for them because we assume these programs are safe (more than what parents realize)Why do boys play more video games than girls?Two video games marketed towards girls, the rest boysThere are no games for girls; target audience is male dominatedGames made for boys that they would want to playMen are designing these games for boys; they play them when they’re young leading them to go into the video game making fieldThe only way we can change this is that women must get into the field and start making games for girls; unless that happens it wont changeV-chipResult of 1996 telecom policyRequired that v-chips must be installed in all TVsA device that parents can use to filter what their children watch; parental blockerIn order for it to work the industry has to come up with a rating system to give parents something to regulateGov made them create the rating system and put it in place; doesn’t work because parents don’t understand it and it is a mess of letters that don’t make senseParents don’t like it because it is not content based, it is age based (just like motion picture rating system)Not consistent across all media because it is voluntaryGender StereotypesSimple generalizations or assumptions that we use to make sense of the worldBenefits: cognitive tools for easy categorization, allow children to figure out how to categorize things; when applied to people it might be harmfulYou can be a female and have a stereotypical male job; doesn’t take place until early adolescenceEffects of Media on GenderChildren’s exposure to media correlates with stereotypical attitudes aboutChores, occupational roles, and recreational activitiesHeavy viewing of media can:Increase stenotype acceptance over timeLead girls to devalue their gender identityHeavy viewers-4 year old girls thought that boys were better than girls, light viewers believed their gender group was betterGender of characters in toy commercials impact who can play with the toySome studies show that television has a direct effect on gender stereotype acceptanceWilliams (1986) town study showed children from 2 towns with little to no TV became more accepting of gender stereotypes after TV was introduced (similar to towns that always had TV)Being exposed to one commercial can change their responses immediately following itC103 1nd EditionT317 Final Exam Study GuideWhy are teens more susceptible to sex and the media?They are more interested in it, the media tailors messages to them about sex, they are in a sensitive life stage because of cognitive development and risk evaluation, less life experience- Cultivation theory  The fact that we are exposure to consistent pervasive messages over a long period of time and it influences our attitudes and beliefs Sex on TVThere is little mention of risk, responsibility, contraception, and negative consequences. We assume that if it’s on a children’s channel then its safe- Mona showed pictures how teen characters dress and act that sexual depictions are there, but we don’t look for them because we assume these programs are safe (more than what parents realize)How are “new media” different from traditional media?Interface  the physical characteristicsInteractivity  The relationship with the media product, video games you ARE the player rather than just simply going to a movie. Democratization  Users now have the ability to create and distribute their own media New media allows the user to have more control over media processes; equal contributors to what others are seeing Ex) YouTube is user generated content Content Analysis (New Media)Looked at online safety and what are advertisers doing with children’s private information. - It is impossible to regulate internet but guidelines were wanted for information by third party vendors- Little incentive for websites to use these guildlines, not protecting children at all; there are no consequences- Parents need to take initiative over internet usage- These guidelines did not have much impact on what companies were doing onlineWhy do boys play more video games than girls?- Two video games marketed towards girls, the rest boys- There are no games for girls; target audience is male dominated- Games made for boys that they would want to play- Men are designing these games for boys; they play them when they’re young leadingthem to go into the video game making field- The only way we can change this is that women must get into the field and start making games for girls; unless that happens it wont change Television and Legislation- Communications Act of 1934 Created the FCC so that there was some type of government body that was overseeing telephone/telegraph communication at the time- Family Viewing Hour 1975TV was gathering place for families to watch shows, shows were becoming more violent/sexual in nature, safe hour of TV- no controversial content- Telecom Act of 1996 Allowed for conglomeration of media companiesV-chipResult of 1996 telecom policy Required that v-chips must be installed in all TVs- A device that parents can use to filter what their children watch; parental blocker- In order for it to work the industry has to come up with a rating system to give parents something to regulate- Gov made them create the rating system and put it in place; doesn’t work because parents don’t understand it and it is a mess of letters that don’t make senseo Parents don’t like it because it is not content based, it is age based (just like motion picture rating system)o Not consistent across all media because it is voluntary3 types of Parental Mediation- Restrictive mediation  rules in place in home about media usage; no matter how simple or complex- Co-viewing  watch what your child is