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TAMU POLS 207 - Exam 1 Study Guide
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POLS 207 2nd EditionExam 1 Study Guide: Lectures 1-7Lecture 1POLITICAL CULTURE - Political Culture = shared beliefs among people about the role government and citizens should play inthe political system based on historical styles and traditions in state politics - 3 main questions:o What role should government play?o What role should citizens play in the political system?o Based on political culture, how are the political officials evaluated?- Daniel Elazar = an important political scientist who wrote a typology of three political cultures based on historical migration patterns that resulted in various religious/ethnic concentrations and thus different beliefs about government -#1 Moralistic Political Culture o Origin = heavy Scandinavian (Northern European) and German Protestant populations who moved to New England states in the North and upper Midwest o Government = positive instrument working for the greater good of society  health care programs, welfare programs, promoting public good in private sector o Public Officials = held in high regard for achieving a greater good for society o Citizens = obligated to participate (vote, support campaigns, run for office) for good of society-#2 Individualistic Political Culture o Origin = European migration of Catholics and Southern Europeans into mid-Atlantic states o Government = to serve individual self-interests so limited intervention of private sector, a marketplace to shape government for oneself, favors distributed to government supporters o Public Officials = in it for themselves as a chosen career to get benefits out of it o Citizens = mostly only voting, participation is a “necessary evil,” democracy competing for government control and benefits -#3 Traditionalistic Political Cultureo Origin = plantation economy of the South dominated by white Protestants and class divisiono Government = maintain status quo, keep elites in power and hierarchy stratified o Public Officials = the ruling elite o Citizens = masses are discouraged from participation, which is limited to the elite- While the type of state political culture can give an indication of citizen participation (like voting rates)and the size of government (such as spending on programs), today there has been a nationalizing of political culture due to national news, media, and federalism, which is an expansion of government programs that affect everyone. - Texas Political Culture o combination of traditionalistic, individualistic political culture  traditionalistic Texas - once part of the plantation economy of the Deep South Confederacy, immigration of Hispanics from colonial ruled Mexico individualistic Texas – immigration of white Anglos from Midwest states o shared views of traditionalistic, individualistic political culture  conservative government (limited in power, governors have short terms) individuals act in their own self-interest (limited gov. intervention in the private sector) government should do only those things individuals cannot do for themselves  government should keep taxes low & limit social services/advancement of civil rights leads to lower participation and voting rates in Texas - Political Culture is more stable than Political Parities (their policies change over time)o Therefore, when the political parties change their platforms, Texas changes to whichever platform most represents its political culture, which explains the change from a state once dominated by the Democratic Party to a state now dominated by the Republic Party. Lecture 2What are the Demographic Trends and Economic Trends in Texas?- Two Major Demographic Trends o #1 Massive Growth in the Population of Texas due to 4 Factors  a) TX is a sunbelt state (better weather) b) proximity of TX to Mexico (immigration, trade opportunities) c) Oil Boom in 1970-80s (more jobs available) d) Economic Decline in Industrial Midwest (people come to TX looking for jobs)o Political Effects of the Massive Growth >> change from Democratic Party to Republic party as new people migrate into TX with different party loyalties, growth in government spending on roads, teachers, police, etc. to deal with bigger populationo #2 Increased Growth of Minority Groups  Reason 1: Lifting of Restrictions on minority participation  Reason 2: Increase in Minority Groups - Hispanics = greatest growing group from 15% growth to currently 38% growth, due to proximity to Mexico, larger family sizes, & higher birth rates, won several offices in 1990so Effects >> projected to become majority of population which may result in a shift to a Democratic dominated state, currently have lowest participation & voting rates so their full impact has not been felt yet- African Americans = consistently about 12% of TX population, but their impact on politics has grown as barriers have been removed, won some state offices- Asian Americans = smallest percentage of state population, growing slowly from 1% to 5% today, typically concentrated in areas like Houston so have morerepresentation in their local governments - Major Economic Trends o Land Trends  1820s-1860s: Cotton Farming After the Civil War: Cattle  Early 1900s: Oil Discovered in East TX o Reasons for the current diversification of the Texas economy Fall of oil prices in 1980s  NAFTA = North American Free Trade Agreement  opening of US Mexico border  rise in the high tech industry in Austin, Dallas, and Houston (Dell, Texas Instruments)o Overall, Texas has changed from an economy dominated by the land to a diversified economy due to NAFTA, trade with Mexico, and high tech businesses. o Texas’ 6 Economic Regions  East Texas = traditionally dominated by agriculture, oil, and timber (which is the most important today), some diversification in manufacturing  Plains Region = agriculture, ranching, cattle feed, limited diversification  Gulf Coast = manufacturing, petro-chemical industry, shipping, fishing >> already fairly diverse, increased manufacturing and high tech opportunities, this region has the highest concentration of organized labor unions in Texas  Metroplex = large financial banking center, manufacturing, high tech businesses (TexasInstruments), aerospace industry >> most economically diversified region of TX Central Corridor = two large universities including Texas A&M impact the area, which helps bring jobs to the region, military bases are also important to


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TAMU POLS 207 - Exam 1 Study Guide

Type: Study Guide
Pages: 15
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