HDF 304 Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 8 Lecture 1 Outline of Lecture 1 The Family I What is it II How has it changed III How do we study it I What is family According to U S Census Bureau 1 Group of related people living together 2 A household is the person s who live in a housing unit Side note Children is a great factor in determining if it is a family Public vs Private Families Public Family Perform duties for the public good care for others so the govt doesn t have to One or two adults related by marriage partnership or shared parenthood who care for dependents No dependents no public family Gay Lesbian couples with children public family Private Family How we obtain love intimacy and emotional support 2 or more individuals who maintain a relationship Legal Definitions of marriage and family beget social and economic privileges 1 Inheritance rights social security 2 Health insurance 3 Social acceptance Ex Braschi vs Stahl 1986 Same sex couple lived in a rent controlled apartment Tenant died and partner remains alive Landlord wanted to evict the partner so he she could increase the rent It came down to how does a state define a family Judge revised the definition of a family Economically interdependent committed to one another identify themselves as a couple sexual intimate or parent child relationship II Are Americans families changing for the better or for the worse Historical Perspective Love as a requirement for marriage is a more recent development Still not required in arrange marriages Pre industrial families love and commitment not related Role of children has changed Pre industrial children were producers laborers workers Transformation to economic dependents play more than work Rates of childbirth have decreased with this change Function of family has changed Shift from public to private No longer the same contract for production Gender Roles Have changed multiple times Women worked outside the home often in female roles Power change Can be witnessed in dating particular after invention of the automobile Equal split bills chores etc Gender Roles Great Depression Men and women took jobs in various areas Laws favored men working 1932 Only one spouse can work and men got paid more WWII Years Major shift in roles for women Rosie the Riveter Campaign We Can Do It Women praised for working outside the home in traditionally male roles Divorce rates escalated 1950s was a reversal and more extreme version of female gender roles Campaigns to get women working in home Male breed winner female homemaker The Good Wife s Guide cook be a good listener entertain him do not complain make him comfortable A good wife knows her place submissive Difficulties during the Golden 1950s Many men suffered post traumatic stress from war Men felt burden of being the breadwinner Women were secondary Domestic violence against women was high but often unreported and sometimes accepted Depression among women was at an all time high women said they were satisfied but didn t want the same for their children Those not fitting the ideal family form chastised Rape even legal if not against virgins locals The Feminine Mystique How unhappy housewives were during the 1950s New wave of feminism Women wanted more than a husband and kids The Changing American Family Higher age at marriage median age for women over 27 for men over 28 Age at marriage today is closer to the end of the 19th century than to the 1950s Never Married over time age 35 and older has increased recently a higher proportion at every age that hasn t been married In summary Increased number of people who choose to delay marriage economic options for women People live longer periods of their lives unmarried than in the past Marriage at older age increase in non marital births and non marital cohabitation Age at first marriage is generally higher in the Northeast Unmarried fertility has increased 7 in 10 for black mothers 1 in 2 for Hispanic mothers 3 in 10 for white mothers increased most rapidly since 1950s Decreasing proportions of children are born within marriage Lecture 2 Outline of Lecture 2 I Teenage Pregnancy II Relationship Family Research Methods III Introduction to Attraction Who we like and why I Teenage pregnancy Statistics 34 of teen girls get pregnant at least once before age of 20 80 of these pregnancies are unintended 79 Majority are to unmarried teens U S has the highest rate of teen pregnancy in the fully industrialized world We re at 41 9 girls in every 1000 girls Closest to us is United Kingdom at 26 7 girls in every 1000 girls The rate of teenage pregnancy has steadily declined since the 1950s but the number of pregnancies to unmarried teens has increased But not because of pre marital sex has increased Rather larger window of time to get pregnant outside of marriage Stigma of unwed parenthood is disappearing Less likely to subsequently marry i e less shotgun weddings Abstinence is increasing Contraceptive use is increasing and teens are choosing more reliable methods e g hormonal birth control vs condoms BUT The rate of teen pregnancy is still TOO HIGH About half of teenage pregnancies end in a live birth Women who give birth before marriage are now much less likely to place their child for adoption about 1 of teens are giving their children up for adoption white use to give up their child more than blacks now it has stabilized 40 have miscarriages about 30 ish 1 3 have an abortion Why have an abortion Financial instability goals dreams lack of maturity to care for baby Stephanie Coontz wrote many easy read books about marriage and families II Relationships Family Research Methods How do we study relationships Quantitative Methods use the scientific method to test a specifically defined hypothesis uses numbers to describe and explain issues being studied main method used in this course Experiments Surveys Secondary Data Analysis large database that you didn t collect to answer your questions Can include longitudinal and cross cultural studies over a long period of time i e surveys every 6 months for 3 years surveys in the U S vs surveys in Japan Include independent dependent and control variables Independent and Predictor variable factors the research either manipulates or examines and that he she expects to influence the dependent variable Dependent and outcome variable factor that the researcher expects to be affected by i e dependent on changes in the IV Control variable factor that you keep the same for all the