smaller crime with smaller punishment more serious crimes with harsher punishments take a grand jury ruling and could result in county jail time beyond reasonable doubt Misdemeanors complaint Felonies charge deals with actions that cause society harm as a whole the STATE is the accuser and the prosecutor in court handled by the district attorney prosecution is the arrest charges hearings and trial only 10 have trial most are plea deals to speed up thee process and cut costs these cases are handled by the county they take the cost of trial state takes cost of POLS 207 EXAM 5 LOCK IN CHAPTER 11A Two types of law Civil and Criminal CRIMINAL In the case of state law broken incarceration CIVIL Wrongful acts against another prosected by the criminal court for the gain of or rights DUEL COURT SYSTEM Federal and State courts Federal only handle cases concerning federal law they hear much fewer cases State handle cases concerning state law wow surprising handle most cases bc state law covers most of our lives through with every case they are given Organization of State courts Trial Courts Intermediate Appellate Court Supreme Court TRIAL COURTS original jurisdiction preponderance of evidence seems more true than false winner compensates loser corporations and businesses are treated as a single individual not a collection of such Question of fact jury does the evidence prove he was at the bar that night or there are so many plea bargains because there is not nearly enough courts to follow reserved for legal disputes between to people actions cannot be considered or there is a plaintiff and defendant could be over contracts divorces emotional damage County Trial Question of law judge is the prosecution allowed to question the witness right now Cant fully reverse a sentence but they can have the case returned to lower courts Og parties make their case and panel of judge make a decision to uphold or reverse hear objections of lower courts any issue from the trial courts only concerned with the question of law judges ruling so no juries or singular judge State Trial DISTRICT Supreme Court civil and juvenile cases INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURTS Courts of appeal make decision lower ruling possibly with special instructions CHAPTER 11B COURT STRUCTURE OF TEXAS Local Trial JUSTICE Municipal CONSTITIUTIONAL COUNTY Statutory County Statutory Probate LAY PARTICIPATION State level Jury Selection lower class Trial Juries applies to the one case ELITE PARTICPATION wealthier and educated population Attorneys meet state requirements 12 person for district 6 person for county and Justice of the peace must be 18 no felony indictment registered to vote Jury of Peers but often represent more professionals and higher level working class Foster v Chatman ruled a specific jury selection process was biased in 2016 only Random Selection is current method of selection of grand jury Court of Appeals law degree must be licensed by at least 1 State bar association pass bar exam and Key Man used to select grand juror decision made by district judge pre August 2015 accused of bias toward the district and economic grand jurors were not part of State Highest Appellate State Intermediate Appellate designed to hopefully better represent the community Court of Criminal Appeals criminal cases hopefully reflect peoples wishes more likely to reflect the jurisdictions demographics elected do not have to loyal to those within the system but possibly those who elected acts a litmus test of social conservatism 34 states still allow but on 14 have used in the past 10 years including TX capital punishment is now less favored by the public reason for less support of death more independent no loyal to campaign donors bc they do not run a campaign voter do not know who the judiciary candidates are Municipal set by city JustofPeace no degree but need special course County District min 4 years attorney min 25 years old Appellate min 10 years attorney or judge min 25 years old Judges CHAPTER 11C ELECTING VS APPOINTING JUDGES Elect them Appoint outside parties starting to invest in judge campaigns causing a small but enough of an influence on local levels of gov THE DEATH SENTENCE penalty demonstrable relationship serious results of wrongful convictions CHAPTER 12 into POLICY the positions actions that result when a government take a formal position on a matter or declines to do so the outcome of a government due to their actions or lack of Inaction and Policy spend time speaking acting upon it People shape Policy legislating donating lobbying Policy impact People budget cuts new rules representation manipulates our short attention span and memory even words no action no change debated as to if it actually deter crimes at all there is words in silence silence only means the matter is not important enough to death penalty tends to cost more than life sentences has many delays and risk many conservatives agree but science community says there is no soon enough most people will forget the issue and life will move on PEOPLE DELIBERATE DIRECTION AND INTENT THE NEED TO WORK WELL AND NOT FAIL People s value how much they matter to you depends on their relation to you a people help put principles and practicalities into perspective THE SOURCE AND THE REASON OF GOVERMENT Rule of law Fairness Diversity Security Compassion Sharing Statis All this varies based on beliefs your interruption of these concepts is based on your Not at fault Their self identity is American They re contributing to society these are all rooted in facts practicalities all depend on facts of our reality this helps THE 3 P S For evaluating a Policy PRINCIPLES PRACTICALITIES Best polices are those who maintain all 3 but some choose one over the other do 2 and not the other its all unique to each relate following P concepts to the subject of deportation and immigration PRINCIPLES connects to shape from above beliefs not religious but just life PRACTICALITIES connects to impact from above guide our beliefs PEOPLE connects to people from above friend vs a stranger you ve never seen Every policy matters to someone many should matter to some and some should matter to everyone CHAPTER 12A POVERTY whether someone is living in poverty is a relative condition the lower end of a continuous spectrum of economic class Generational an enduring phenomenon of poverty lasting 2 or more generations Situational caused by circumstances lasts shorter time poverty is not caused by lack of money it
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