lOMoARcPSD 36188278 Module 1 Lecture Notes Module 1 Lecture Notes History Of Design On The Land The Pennsylvania State University History Of Design On The Land The Pennsylvania State University Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Taha Omar tahaomar2816 gmail com lOMoARcPSD 36188278 I Ancient Egypt A Neolithic Revolution 8 000 BCE 5 000 BCE Intentionality in Design aka messaging From a nomadic group of humans so settlements The beginning of civilization through acts of settlement This revolution represent CHANGE 1 Before Characteristics a Nomadic hunter gatherers 1 1 8 millions years of nomadic lifestyles b Dependent on the environment c Mere figures moving through the landscape leaving little evidence behind Only small stories and artifacts d Very little indication of built environment 2 After Characteristics a Permanent settlements led to human advancement 1 Politics house neighborhood advancement 2 Higher sophistication b Humans became shapers of the land they live on c Acquired power to control their immediate environment Control of land became an extension of the ruler s power 3 Hammurabi Code a Concept of Land Ownership 1 Property Rights 2 Land Ownership 3 Power to control nature 4 The code included ideas of property rights and land ownership evidence of a growing separation from nature 4 Universal Influences on Land a Geography and Climate 1 Arid hot dry the Nile River and Flooding was critical 2 Desert landscape limited water and building for survival materials a Homes used mud brick b Temples being made from stone reserved for Downloaded by Taha Omar tahaomar2816 gmail com lOMoARcPSD 36188278 the most important structures b Religion 1 Life mimicked larger natural processes 2 Perceived life to be intertwined with nature s cycles many deities present in nature 3 Their understanding of who they were was tied into their natural balance of how they lived with everything around them c Linear Natural Order 1 Link to nature s systems leads to orthogonal or right 2 Sun moving from east to west and the Nile moving angled design south to north 5 Egyptian Design Response the specific set of influence result in logical even predictable design responses a Enclosed Oases 1 Some occur naturally but they also occur by design caused by climate and geography b Durable Megalithic Mass 1 The sacred structure was meant to last forever 2 Only the most durable stones were used a Caused by climate geography and religion c Orthogonal Development Thanks to Axis 1 Right angled design linear natural order was in sync with belief systems religion a Caused Symmetry by climate geography and 2 AXIS A straight line around which elements are arranged 6 Two Examples typologies a The Garden 1 Enclosed oasis 2 Orthogonal development via axis 3 Bilateral symmetry b The Mortuary Temple Downloaded by Taha Omar tahaomar2816 gmail com lOMoARcPSD 36188278 1 Enclosed oasis 2 Orthogonal development via axis 3 Bilateral symmetry 4 Durable megalithic mass B Mesopotamia 1 Birth of The Park a Characteristics 1 Artificial human made areas 2 Walled used as a hunting preserve 3 Private not open to the public a Kings used the park for military victory parties 4 Cool shaded oasis 2 Status of Temples Today a The temples are eroding away from pollution b The water table rises and raises the moisture levels in the c We have become separated from nature divorced and temples and destroys them impotent to its power II Ancient Greece Golden Age 500 BCE 300 BCE A Influences 1 Geography and Climate Genius Loci a Olive Tree sturdy and tenacious and used a tap root for dry climates b Genius loci the spirit of place c Outdoor life id fostered the intellectual exchange d Prolonged time spent outside resulted in an unusual awareness of their landscapes 2 Intellectual Curiosity a Keen awareness of individual worth a belief in what humans could accomplish b They were explorers of the mind 3 Interest in Democracy a They created democracy b Based on Demos or rule by the people 4 Eidos Downloaded by Taha Omar tahaomar2816 gmail com B Eidos in Temple Design 1 Acropolis Athena Delphi Apollo a Search for Eidos in Architecture lOMoARcPSD 36188278 a Idea b The perfect representation or search for perfection c Plato s Allegory of the Cave 1 Facing the backside of the cave from a view of the doorway 2 You seeing your whole world 3 The horse you see on that wall is the idea of the horse 4 One s perception of the world should always be challenged we should strive for personal not THE horse accomplishment d Eidos occurred in all aspects of life inc arts and athletics 1 Careful choice of design elements and siting a Where the put the temple in the landscape 2 Athena s Temple in Acropolis a The temple must understand her personality b All decisions chose on the details of the temple are chosen based on her personality on her c All the different temples are to represent each dignity her complexity of Athena s traits b Examples of Spatial Dynamics and Effect 1 Created to Dramatize experiences 2 Reference the layout of Acropolis 3 Acropolis layout was using spatial dynamics to give visitors the cold shoulder buildings are turned away c Empathy with Nature 1 A Gods significance personality is associated with the temple s location in nature 2 An Effort must be made to visit these sacred sites 3 These temples also have storytelling as you walk through the sites Downloaded by Taha Omar tahaomar2816 gmail com lOMoARcPSD 36188278 4 The location of the site is the focal point of the site not the temple Delphi 5 Why place the amphitheater above the temple a The magnificent view reinforced the lesson Apollo s greatness v humans weakness a The marketplace is the heart and soul of every city b Public market and gathering place c Couldn t tell a freeman from a politician the one who works C Democracy in Design 1 Agora and Stoa for them 2 The Colonial Town a Priene b The agora is located in the middle c Is created with the grid design d Grid is a democratic ideal no location better than the other D What is Restraint Under Pressure about 1 Contrast to Ancient Romans a Ancient Greek EIDOS celebrating Ideals b Roman Cultural Signifiers a celebration of the present a Geography and climate positioned this society for expansion and colonization 2 State Controlled Expansion a Rome Developed a sophisticated policy of colonization for profit and protection B Cultural