Chapter 01 Health Defined Objectives for Promotion and Prevention Edelman Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1 Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care a Clinical model b Role performance model c Adaptive model d Eudaimonistic model ANS A The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health People who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care DIF Cognitive Level Remember Knowledge REF p 3 2 A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as receives acupuncture Which model of health does this person likely favor a Clinical model b Role performance model c Adaptive model d Eudaimonistic model ANS D The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical social psychological and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in life Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the eudaimonistic model Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of care DIF Cognitive Level Apply Application REF p 3 3 A state of physical mental spiritual and social functioning that realizes a person s potential and is experienced functioning within a developmental context is known as a growth and development b health c d high level wellness ANS B Health is defined as a state of physical mental spiritual and social functioning that realizes a person s potential and is experienced within a developmental context DIF Cognitive Level Remember Knowledge REF p 5 4 Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness a Someone who has well controlled diabetes b Someone with hypercholesterolemia c Someone with a headache d Someone with coronary artery disease without angina ANS C Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness An illness is made up of the subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease It can be described as a response characterized by a mismatch between a person s needs and the resources available to meet those needs A person can have a disease without feeling ill The other choices represent disease DIF Cognitive Level Analyze Analysis REF p 6 5 Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health 6 Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention a The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation A Midcourse Review b Healthy People 2020 c Healthy People 2000 d The U S Surgeon General Report ANS C Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to create a more global approach to health DIF Cognitive Level Remember Knowledge REF p 6 Interventional cardiac catheterization Informational session about healthy lifestyles a b Blood pressure screening c d Diagnostic cardiac catheterization ANS A Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction It includes health promotion and specific protection and encourages increased awareness thus education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease but instead identifies it DIF Cognitive Level Apply Application REF p 11 7 Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention a Self breast examination education b Yearly mammograms c Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer d Complete mastectomy for breast cancer ANS B Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early detectable stage of the disease process A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is considered a method of secondary prevention DIF Cognitive Level Apply Application REF p 15 8 Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention a Drunk driving campaign b Road blocks for drunk driving c Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident d Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head trauma ANS D Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible It involves minimizing the effect of disease and disability The objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities DIF Cognitive Level Apply Application REF p 15 9 In reviewing a person s medical claims a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI asthma management guidelines The nurse discusses this with the person s primary care provider In this scenario the nurse is acting as a n a advocate b care manager c consultant d educator ANS B Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost Care managers base recommendation on reliable data sources such as evidence based practices and protocols DIF Cognitive Level Apply Application REF p 15 10 During a home visit a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services The nurse is acting as a n a advocate b care manager c consultant d educator ANS A The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the health care system tries to make the system more responsive to individuals community needs and assists individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves DIF Cognitive Level Apply Application REF p 15 11 During a home visit a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual In this scenario the nurse is acting as a n a advocate b care manager c consultant d educator ANS D Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease Teaching can range from a chance remark to a planned lesson DIF Cognitive Level Apply Application REF p 16 12 A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program for newly diagnosed diabetics In this scenario the nurse is acting as a n a advocate b care manager c consultant d educator ANS C Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease prevention to individuals and groups as consultants DIF Cognitive