History 150 1 History 150 Final Exam Study Guide End of WWI Fourteen Points Wilson s plan for peace know 6 1 Abolition of secret diplomacy 2 Freedom of the seas 3 Removal of international economic barriers 4 Reduction of arms 5 6 Establishment of a general associate of nations League of Nations Impartial adjustment of colonial claims or self determination ID Treaty of Versailles Big 4 German loss of colonial possessions loss of European territory reduction of the army surrender all military equipment reparations of 56 5 billion Article 231 war guilt clause forced the central powers mainly Germany to assume responsibility for starting the war reason why there could be harsh restrictions against Germany Article X Senate didn t it and was one reason they wouldn t sign the Treaty of Versailles Senate feared that the League of Nations would be able to send American troops without the consent of Congress Big Four main players at the Paris conference where they came up with The Treaty of Versailles President Wilson David Lloyd George France Georges Clemenceau Great Britain Vittorio Orlando Italy Uncle Shylock Characterization of Uncle Same Shakespeare s The Merchant of Venice Shylock the loan shark given this because the US wants to collect inter allied war debt History 150 2 Dawes Plan reduce the annual payment for Germany extend the time for payment and given more loans Young Plan Dawes and Young priming the pump set the amount and time they had to pay ID Prime the Pump US gives Germany money because the US was owed money from GB and France US hopes that Germany will pay up and then GB and France will pay the US the term comes from the idea of pumping from a well League of Nations formed after WWI to promote international peace and security fails unable to stop major aggression ID Washington Conference took place in Washington DC Great Britain US Japan France Italy China Belgium Netherlands Portugal about naval disarmament Four Power Treaty US GB Japan France going to respect one another s rights in the Pacific confer in the event of a dispute Nine Power Treaty all at the conference deals with China and keeping the Open Door Policy guarantees the political and territorial integrity of China Five power Treaty most important GB US Japan France and Italy Fixes the relative tonnage number of warships for each nation 5 5 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 everyone had to expand and shrink at the same rate grants a ten year moratorium or naval holiday from building warships for ten years no one builds ships Locarno Pact sets the boundaries after WWI says that everyone s okay with the way things are set up agree never to go to war with eachother GB France Germany Italy Belgium Czech and Poland agree to the demilitarization of the History 150 3 Rhineland between France and Germany and acts as a buffer between the two countries Kellogg Briand Pact outlaws war means nothing Geneva Conference the signatories of the Washington Conference GB US and Japan talked for 6 weeks and concluded nothing How did the USA officially end WWI President Harding signed a resolution saying the war with Germany is over in 1921 Independent Internationalism title given to the time after WWI and before WWII not isolationism US didn t join all of the political organizations but were still globally active economically Hoover s offer to England Give up Bermuda Honduras and Trinidad all debt is forgiven did not agree the fact that the US wanted these three islands shows that Imperialism is still alive controlling another country culturally economically and socially WWII fought over fascism Collective Security idea that the League will come together and stop aggression does not happen because the US does not join the League because they didn t sign the Treaty cant stop the aggression without the strongest military power in the world Anthony Eden minister of Foreign affairs later Prime Minister From England came up with the idea of Collective Security Totalitarianism complete control of a leader over a nation Fascism government control over everything but believe in private property History 150 4 ID Ethiopia Lynch pin of WWI one of the failures of collective security and the League of Nations 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia and no one does anything to stop them Benito Mussolini Fascist leader of Italy one of Hitler s allies Spanish Civil War Spanish Republic against the Fascists when Hitler and Mussolini are helping Franco where Hitler tries out Blitzkrieg Russians also supports the Spanish Republic which leads to confusion in thinking the Spanish are communist Lincoln Battalion group of volunteers from the US that went to fight fascism on the side of the Spanish Republic example of revisionism now the definition is 2000 3000 volunteers from all around the world Francisco Franco Fascist leader of Spain after the Spanish Civil war only Fascist in power after WWII Neville Chamberlain great appeaser decides that collective security is not working so he uses appeasement to get Hitler to stop Appeasement giving into the dictator hoping that he ll stop there never works Why did England and France appease Germany 1 They re haunted by WWI 2 Some believe Treaty of Versailles was too harsh on Germans 3 Britain and France were not ready for war economically or militarily 4 Triple Entente is dead 5 Did not have support from US Tripartite Pact Japan Italy and Germany NOT Russia History 150 5 Non Aggression Pact Germany and Russia agreeing not to fight each other both are trying to buy time before the fighting breaks out Germany was waiting to execute the Schliefen plan which did not work in WWII Russia wasn t ready because the industry was close to Germany and they were still trying to move everything Hitler s Foreign Policy Aims destruction of the Treaty of Versailles conquest and colonization of Eastern Europe and the domination and exploitation of racial inferiors Holocaust Hitler is not a communist Six Million Jews total number of Jews that die during the Holocaust 3 million in Poland alone Final Solution Holocaust Blitzkrieg Lightning War How Hitler is going to fight his wars throws everything at his target and then leaves before they can retaliate Battle for Britain where radar becomes very important Hitler was using his Blitzkrieg warfare Luftwaffe the German aircraft involved in fighting Royal Air Force British air force the ones fight in the Battle for Britain mostly fought in the skies Radar used very heavily in Battle for Britain ID Operation Magic