Quiz 10 Study Guide Briefly state the main ideas behind the James Lange and Cannon Bard theories of emotion The James Lange theory argues that stimuli give rise to specific arousal patterns that we then perceive as distinct emotions The Cannon Bard theory argues that the cerebral cortex decides on the appropriate emotional response and simultaneously activates the sympathetic nervous system Briefly state Stanley Schacter s theory What experimental evidence did he provide for his theory An emotional state results from the interaction of physiological activation and cognitive interpretation Give subjects adrenaline either tell them what to expect or not Confederate is either insulting or funny Feelings are greater if they didn t know they got adrenalin and also varied depending on what the confederate did Which emotions are present at birth When do the basic emotions develop Present at birth general distress contentment interest By 9 months all basic emotions are present What is the medial forebrain bundle What is the effect of electrically stimulating it Medial forebrain bundle a tract that rises from the midbrain through the hypothalamus contains many sites for self stimulation The nucleus accumbens is an important target involved in the dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway What type of brain damage causes the Kl ver Bucy syndrome What are its main characteristics Kl ver Bucy syndrome lesions involving the temporal lobes and particularly the amygdala produce a syndrome of tameness and lack of fear hyperorality and hypersexuality What is the main output from the limbic system for stimulating emotions especially fear and anger Amygdala Which hemisphere is more adept at interpreting the emotional tone of a message and at producing emotional facial expressions Which is more adept at interpreting the factual meaning of a message Right hemisphere Better at identifying emotional tone Is better at discriminating facial expressions in others Is dominant in expressing emotions Left hemisphere Better at interpreting the meaning of the message What did human patients report when stimulated electrically in the septum One patient depressed suicidal epilepsy delusions approaching orgasm but can t quite get there stim 1200 1500 900 times on different occasions did ejaculate if he could also masturbate or have therapy with a prostitute Stimulation made him want to do sexual acts he responded to a wider range of arousing stimuli heterosexual not just homosexual True pleasure Equivocal What is one hormonal factor that increases aggressiveness Across species aggression is positively correlated with circulating androgen levels Which transmitter is negatively correlated with aggressiveness Serotonin What is the dyscontrol syndrome Activity in what brain area is associated with it Dyscontrol Syndrome temporal lobe seizures that may underlie some human violence A condition marked by occasional outbursts of violent behavior with little or no provocation Symptoms hallucinations lip smacking repetitive acts and occasional emotional outbursts Associated with activity in the temporal lobe What are the 3 stages of the stress reaction Alarm Reaction Adaptation Stage Exhaustion Stage What are 3 hormones that are released during the early stages of the stress response What are their major effects Stress the hypothalamus releases corticotropin releasing hormone CRH to anterior pituitary CRH adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH from ant pit leading to cortisol release from adrenal Growth hormone release of blood sugar epinephrine and norepinephrine are also released Which is the major hormone released after the earliest stage What is its major effect Corticotropin releasing hormone CRH to anterior pituitary What did Michael Meaney find regarding maternal care and later behavior of the offspring high licking grooming mother rats had pups that were less stressed and learned better as adults compared to pups of low licking grooming mothers What is the main function of B cells of the immune system How did they get that name B lymphocytes B cells formed in the bone marrow produce antibodies immunoglobulins against foreign molecules What are the 3 kinds of T cells How did they get their name T lymphocytes T cells mature in the thymus gland how they got their name some can act as killer cells Helper T cells secrete cytokines proteins that induce cell proliferation in the immune system Suppressor T cells decrease response after infection is over What is Type A behavior pattern and what health problem has been correlated with it Type A behavior pattern marked by increased hostility is associated with heart disease