Attachment 1 Historic Background a Spitz Goldfarb orphans i Physical needs okay ii Social needs very little iii failure to thrive 1 Sad some died iv If made it to adulthood 1 Break law aggressive 2 Can t form relationships v Importance of mom 1 Nurture nature 2 Freudian 3 Cultural 1940s 50s b Monkey Research 1950s i Harlow isolated babies 1 Try to keep healthy to breed 2 Bizarre behavior a Rocking self biting 3 Reintroduced to others a Didn t play normally b Often attacked c Little successful sex 4 Importance social connections a Nurture E ii Harlow s wire cloth mom 1 Cling to cloth mom most 2 Just feed off wire mom 3 Important cuddling touch a Nurture E b Stronger than food as reinforcer Skinner c Lorenz Ethology 1970s i Geese imprint to what they see first 1 Follow depend on a Why imprint Survival b Imprint to people 2 Innate stable Nature P 3 What they see Nurture E 4 Interaction Nat Nurt P E 5 Important critical period 2 What is Attachment a NOT bonding or love b Can baby child trust you to fulfill needs in a timely way i Hunger thirst ii Dry diapers potty visit iii Emotional needs 1 Soothing fears 2 Touch movement 3 Company c Three parts i Part 1 proximity promoting behaviors to bring caregiver near 1 Babies cry a Communicating need b Not manipulation reflex or exercise c Younger than 1 year want need 2 Older kids call out 3 Sensitive parent responds a Newborn instantly b Baby 1 quickly c Child 1 may ask child to wait more ii Part 2 few people can be an attachment object for the child 1 Only the usual caregivers a Not just who loves baby b Kid may have favorites 2 During the sensitive phase a By 6 months definitely by 1 1 In strange situation a Checks with with a o b Okay if a o is there c If scared seeks out a o iii Part 3 attachment object used by child as secure base 3 Types of Attachment Relationships a Tested by i Ainsworth ii Strange Situation test 1 Tested at 12 18 months old 2 How does child react a When left alone b When mom returns c When stranger comforts iii Reactions type of relationship attachment relationships b The four types i Secure relationship 1 Cries when mom leaves 2 Seeks mom on return 3 Easily comforted sinks into her 4 Clearly prefers mom 5 65 of American parent child relationships ii Insecure avoidant relationship 1 Doesn t cry when mom leaves 2 Indifferent upon return avoids mom 3 No preference for mom 4 Doesn t cling or sink 6 20 of American parent child relationships iii Insecure resistant or ambivalent relationship 1 Mom leaves intense anger and fear 5 At home babies more independent later behavior problems 2 Approach mom but doesn t accept comfort on return 3 Act angry and mom hit 4 Toddlers less exploration pretend play at home 5 10 15 of American parent child relationships iv Insecure disorganized relationships 1 Kid seems out of it 2 May not notice mom leaving 3 May approach mom upon return then stop look confused 4 5 10 of American parent child relationships 4 Why the Types Matter a They are relationship specific i Different with another person 1 Best secure with all caregivers 2 Having one secure child unlikely to show problems ii They can be changed based on Nurture E 1 Insecure secure if parenting improves 2 If not change to parenting attachment style is stable b Secure relationship is related to good things i During childhood 1 Fewer less a Tantrums b Aggressive behavior c Disruptive behavior 2 More a Compliance b Persistence c Social skills d Helpful e Empathetic ii Adulthood iii Because of 1 Stable adult romantic relationships 1 Internal Working Model a Bowlby b Scheme how relationships work c Can I trust others to meet my needs d Affects attention memory set expectations 2 Emotionally rich get richer emotionally poor get poorer Sears 5 Source of the four types a Secure responsive sensitive parenting i Sensitive to cues of need 1 Notice 2 Respond quickly a old babies tenderly b Feed on babies cue c Don t over or under stimulate babies b Insecure Avoidant rejecting parents i Sometimes good sometimes bad at being sensitive responsive i Dislike physical contact with kid ii Rigid and resentful iii Intrusive overstimulating 1 Ignoring cues of distress c Insecure Ambivalent erratic parenting 1 Spend little time with kid a Doesn t know cues 2 Stress illness a Responsive when feels good 3 Sensitive when convenient d Insecure Disorganized abusive neglectful parenting i Mentally ill parents ii Abused parents 1 Lack role model for parenting