Motor and Perceptual Development 1 Newborns lack most motor skills a Reflexes i Unlearned responses caused by specific stimulation 1 Survival ii Signals of health 1 If absent or don t go away nervous system problems 2 Infant Child Motor skills a A predictable sequence b Add together system of action i Add simple motor skills together to create more complex skill 1 Swimming lessons practice individual skills then bring them all together to fully swim c Common ages by large individual differences i If a child does a skill early it doesn t necessarily mean that they re different ii Likewise if a child is behind on a motor skill doesn t necessarily mean that there is a problem 3 Gross Motor Skills a Control over large parts of the body that add up to locomotion i Control over environment 1 When you lose locomotion you lose control over your environment 2 For example you can get closer to something interesting when you re locomotive and vice versa you can t get away from something scary when you re not locomotive ii New perspectives learning 1 When you have the ability to move you can look at new things gain new perspectives and learn 4 Development of Walking a Head control balance b Sitting before standing i Sitting allows child to gain upper body muscles because they must stay vertical c Creeping before crawling i Child uses arms to drag lower body along ii Cross crawling fastest d Walking 50 age 1 i Ranges 9 18 months ii Girls before boys 1 Girls tend to be smaller and lighter so it takes less strength 5 Fine Motor Skills a Small movements of hands and fingers that add up to grasping and holding objects i Can manipulative environment b Develop later than Gross Motor i Proximo distal trend 1 Prenatal 2 Motor control fingers last ii Must sit up to do them c Fine Motor Development i Newborn palmar reflect ii Hold in 1 hand before 2 1 Ulnar grasp thumb grasp 2 3 months iii Visually directed reaching 1 5 6 months iv Pincer grasp 1 Open fist by stroking hand and touch palm the baby will grasp your hand 3 At 4 months child is able to hold on to things with two hands 1 Child can bring thumb and pointer finger together to pick up smaller objects 2 Around 9 months 6 12 month range 1 Visual a Acuity i Perfect vision 20 20 ii At birth 20 400 to 20 600 1 Legally blind 2 Test preferential looking a Babies prefer to look at things with high contrast b See smaller spaces c Striped rectangle vs solid rectangle i Striped rectangle has higher contrast d Spaces and stripes get smaller and smaller i At some point the stripes blur together and the child no longer shows a preference between the two rectangles b Accommodation focus i Newborns only within 10 inches in their gaze 2 Auditory a Prenatal womb is loud i Fetus moves to loud sounds 1 Fetus hears digestive system etc ii At birth they know mom s voice 1 If they hear her voice they gear towards the voice 2 Also can know fathers siblings voices familiar voice b Acuity i Almost same as adults 1 Adult level school age age 5 3 Taste a Predictable facial expressions at birth i Sweet ii Sour iii Bitter b Salty i No related expression ii Newborns drink saltwater 1 Amniotic fluid 2 1 year reject it a Forget the prenatal experience 4 Olfactory a Newborns know mother s scent i Breast and formula fed babies 1 Turn toward breast pad worn by mom 2 Put babies in a small crib on one side put a breast pad from the babies mother and on the other side a breast pad from a strange a Babies orientate themselves towards the breast pad from their mother b Preschoolers adult sensitivity i Social learning 5 Tactile a Newborns feel pain i Birth circumcisions gas ii Touch soothes babies 1 Used to being held from being in the womb iii Some touch might be or become too intense 1 Watch for distress cues