Evolutionary Biology BIOL 3350 Dr Lisa Rapaport Lecture 6 Notes Population Genetics I II Evolution the change in allele frequencies over time A Estimating allele frequencies 1 Can see that the population mean of the certain trait changes over time evidence of evolution 2 Human pressure causes evolutionary change in animals 3 Changes can occur in response to climate change Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium HWE A When no forces of evolution influence allele frequencies at a single gene locus 1 Measures what the population looks like if no change occurs 2 If we find that a population is in HWE the locus of that specific trait is thought to be in genetic equilibrium meaning it will remain the same from generation to generation 3 These are properties of a single gene locus NOT an entire individual or an entire population B Assumptions of Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium 1 Large population size 2 No external forces act to alter genotype frequencies 3 Random mating with respect to genotypes A lot of unrealistic assumptions C Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is the null hypothesis 1
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