http quizlet com ilovebathtubs folders hist201 midterm http www pbs org jazz time time jim crow htm a really good website that sums up Jim Crow Era Were the US Search Crash Course history on Youtube to h Post Civil War Reconstruction Andrew Johnson 1865 1869 o 17th president of the United States o Served as vice president under Abraham Lincoln o Served as president from 1865 to 1869 after Abraham Lincoln s Assassination o Born and raised in south poverty considered white trash stayed in union out of spite because he was ridiculed by southerners o Champion of common man stubborn insecure to a fault o Johnson favored quick restoration of seceded states following President Lincoln s 10 Percent Plan o He did not support African American suffrage o Since Congress was adjourned until December 1865 Johnson essentially had control of legislation without congressional intervention Presidential Reconstruction o Johnson provided amnesty for all ex rebels except for the high ranking rich o Impeached February 24 1868 in the House charged for treason bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors however the final vote was 1 off of 2 3rds in the Senate o The last major battle between the Union and Confederates o April 9 1865 o Confederate State Army General Robert E Lee N Va surrendered to the Union Army under Lt General Ulysses S Grant o After this surrender a series of other Confederate states proceeded to surrender essentially marking the end of the Civil War o Significantly the war was not ended by a peace treaty but the surrender of one army to another leaving the country s future uncertain o An organization established in 1865 by Congress o Full name is Bureau of Refugees Freedman and Abandoned Lands o Created to help former African American slaves by providing education food shelter medical and legal assistance o Authorized to rent and sell 800 000 acres of abandoned and confiscated land Appomattox Freedmen s Bureau o Unfunded mandate to redistribute land in parcels of up to forty acres hence forty acres and a mule o Due to a shortage of funds racism and pressure from the south the Bureau was unable to carry out its duties effectively o Shut down in 1872 Forty Acres and a Mule o Slogan created in 1864 1865 o Freedmen generally expected to legally claim 40 acres of land and a mule after the end of the civil war This slogan continued even after Sherman s Special field Orders No 15 and the Freedmen s Bureau Act were reversed o Government settled many black families on abandoned land often receiving a mule as well Freedmen s Bureau was in charge of this o inspired by Sherman s Special Order No 15 Black Codes o These were laws passed in 1865 which legally bound former slaves and poor whites back onto farms by use of debt and low pay o Vagrancy laws allowed landowners to capture farmers who abandoned their land and force them into involuntary labor o Because of Johnson s leniency towards the South these laws could be passed o 14th amendment aimed to end these codes o Included loss of right to bear arms punishment for intermarriage o varied state to state o Formerly poor southern whites who supported radical reconstruction so they could gain power o Gained power by taking advantage of the Reconstruction Laws of 1867 o Generally viewed as traitors by southern Democrats Scalawags Carpetbaggers south o Northern whites who moved south for profit and power exploited weakened o derisive term for northern whites who moved to the south to educate and help organize African Americans into a powerful voting block o Poor carried belongings in a carpet bag o elected officials who moved to a different state just to become elected political opportunists o hated by white southerners Freedmen there were no public school slavery Joint Committee on Reconstruction o more than anything they want schools for blacks and whites in the south because o individuals freed from slavery by Emancipation Proclamation 1863 o Focused on education protection of civil and political rights and reparations for 13th 14th 15th Amendment o Established on December 13 1865 o Idea was introduced by Thaddeus Stevens o Committee of the US Congress that was created to check on the condition of the ex Confederate States now military districts by the Military Reconstruction Act and determine whether they were eligible to rejoin the union o Southerners had not renounced secession no justice for freedmen lives of blacks and northern men were in danger for speaking out against current rule o The Committee also drafted the 14th Amendment and required the Southern states to approve of the amendment to be readmitted to the Union o Also known as the civil war and reconstruction amendments helped to abolish slavery and create equal rights and protection under the constitution o 13th Amendment December 1865 outlawed slavery part of Lincoln s reconstruction plan was enforced ratification by Southern states also required by Johnson to secure readmission to Union o 14th Amendment June 1868 birthright citizenship overturns Dred Scott Decision equal protection under law life liberty and property can t infringe upon citizen s rights based on race or former conditions of slavery must give them right to vote or they don t count towards population Attempts to undermine the Black Codes Gendered language upsets feminists such as Susan B Anthony advocating for women s suffrage o 15th Amendment February 1869 State and Federal government cannot deny voting rights based on race color or previous condition of servitude vulnerable to loopholes like literacy tests and poll taxes o July 30 1866 o Angered by the enactment of the Black Codes in Louisiana and by the legislature s refusal to give black men the vote Radical Republicans decided to reconvene the constitutional convention of 1864 o Only 25 delegates whom were present at the convention of 1864 showed up but were met with approximately 200 African American Civil War Union Army Veterans o In fear that the state would fall out of Southern white control police forces and ex confederates attacked the gathered black war veterans and the delegates o Due to this there was a heavy national backlash In the 1866 House of Representatives and Senate elections Republicans won in a landslide o Passed Military Reconstruction Act 1867 over President Johnson s veto Louisiana New Orleans Riot was put into the fifth military district Thaddeus Stevens o House Representative of Pennsylvania o Introduced and established the Joint
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