Friday March 7 2014 Midterm I review species exclusive vs inclusive Biology 116 Classi cation and viruses differences between hierarchal classi cations domain kingdom phylum class order viral structure capsid genome envelope proteins what they contain organelles viral examples tobacco mosaic helical bacteriophage T4 polyhedral reproductive cycles lytic vs lysogenic compare and contrast steps retroviruses and production of pro viral DNA and integration Prokaryotes bacteria and archaea compare and contrast prokaryotic gram positive and gram negative and eukaryotic cell membranes cell structure cell wall peptidoglycan chitin cellulose protists fungi plant and animal cells prokaryotic structure cell wall plasma membrane nucleoid region plasmids chromosomal arrangement etc prokaryotic reproduction ssion transformation taking up DNA transduction genes moved between bacteria via phages and conjugation sex F pili R plasmids prokaryotic nutrition photoautotroph chemoautotroph photoheterotroph chemoheterotroph archaea halophiles thermophiles methanogens compare and contrast to bacteria Protists endosymbiosis and the production of chloroplasts and mitochondria 1 Friday March 7 2014 main derived characteristics of protist groups apicomplexans diplomonads golden algae brown algae red algae diatoms forams radiolarians euglenozoans ciliates entamoebas compare and contrast which belong to which supergroup e g SAR know members of each supergroup life cycle and alternating generations in brown algae g 28 2 Fungi fungi structure of cell walls coenocytic versus septa general life cycle of fungi sexual and asexual characteristics of hyphae versus mycelium versus a fruiting body compare and contrast general characteristics of chytridiomycetes zygomycetes ascomycetes basidiomycetes and glomeromycetes which has agellate spores compare and contrast fruiting bodies of main fungal groups sexual reproduction and their organization e g ascocarp ascus ascospores basidicarp basidium basidiospores Overview of animal diversity gastrulation diploblasts compared with triploblasts endoderm mesoderm ectoderm protostome versus deuterostomes development radial versus spiral cleavage determinate versus indeterminate cleavage blastopore development compare and contrast ecdysozoans and deuterostomians compare and contrast nematodes rotifer and platyhelminthes arthropods annelids echinoderms chordates vertebrates and their derived characteristics segmentation body cavity coelomates versus acoelomates etc which contains parasitic members multicellular animals without true tissues porifera cell types feeding structure chordate derived characteristics vertebrates and amniotes amniotic egg and protection 2 Friday March 7 2014 sponges porifera and characteristics no true tissues but cells etc feeding process cnidaria hydrozoans and characteristics tentacles and feeding mechanisms etc cnidocils etc echinoderm derived characteristics Plants compare charophytes and land plants for sporopollenin lignin sperm cells chlorophyll cellulose phragmoplast generalized plant life cycle sporophyte spores gametophyte gametes antheridia archegonia fertilization embryo main steps of the bryophyte green moss life cycle gametophyte dominant no vascular tissue protonema gametophyte gametes fertilization sporophyte fern life cycle sporophyte dominant vascular tissue water for reproduction homosporous versus heterosporous seed plants female reproductive parts ower male reproductive parts pollen photosynthetic activity of stomata guard cells exchange of gases CO2 and O2 versus transpiration evaporation of water seed structure importance of tissues for germination embryo nutrition endosperm versus cotelydon protective coating monocots versus eudicots seed plants gymnosperms and angiosperms gymnosperm angiosperm reproductive cycle main steps roots and root hairs minerals and water uptake apoplast versus symplast versus transmembrane pathways structure of a root from root cap and tip through to zone of differentiation and root primary versus secondary meristematic tissue different cells in a plant collenchyma sclerenchyma parenchyma xylem and phloem cells and their roles in the developing plant alive versus dead at maturity hairs 3 Friday March 7 2014 water transportation up a stem root pressure cohesion adhesion transpirational pull role of water potential role of guttation phloem and the transportation of sugars from source leaf to sink root and sink to source 4