Types of Memory HI ERIN HI lindseyyyyyyyyyyyyyyylol yeah i saw his messageeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee all the extra letters are the byproduct of stress not knowing any of this sheeeet preach gurll i feel you and maybe that was my message no it said from ralphie yo bitches def ralph in ator ralphie s here too he s testing me oh my b yeahhhh also did you ever figure out the definition of prototype slash do you know what posner keele s exp said about formation of prototypes influence on episodic memory a prototype is the original formation that all the other dot formations were formed off of but how does that relate to stereotype schema direct memory subject asked to use their memory of studied material free recall write all the items you remember from list you studied cued recall given a cue ex write all animal words recognition yes no is this an item you studied yes or no or forced choice given choices and you have to pick the item you studied Quantitative measures in direct memory tests accuracy we need to know that chance level of someone answering correct speed of response how long it took them response bias only in recognition test people have built in favoritism to prefer one response over another Chance performance chance is what a person with no memory would get on the test 1 number of response alternative chance in a free recall test is 0 or 1 infinity response bias depends what letter choice people choose always choose A vs choosing different letters each time with multiple choice tests Compute accuracy for old and new items separately then avg old yes i saw this object or new no i didn t see this object previously liberal bias tendency to say yes conservative bias tendency to say no Classify trials into four categories hit correct that they saw it correct rejection correct that they didn t study it miss didn t realize you learned it false alarm say they learned something that they didn t something new hit rate number hits number olds FA rate number FAs Number news Accuracy measure hit rate FA rate hit miss 100 Response bias FA rate 1 accuracy Other measures in direct memory tests response confidence ask how sure someone is of their response usually higher when their correct can see how strong their memory is order of responses only in free recall see how people think of relationships number of intrusions only recall false alarms in recognition but in recall tests people can produce some item that they never studied nature of intrusions what did they produce when making stuff up Memory experiment with intrusions subject studies words related to sleeping even though sleep isnt on the list people remember the word sleep people heavily rely on meaning during recall people think they studied sleep cause all the words have to do with sleep intrusion driven by semantic relationship Indirect memory tests subject is not asked to consult their memory but performance is influenced by prior experience don t tell people it s a memory test ex study chariot captive snake spare etc then have people complete word stems with the first word that came to mind ex give CHA CAP SNA people tend to use words from the study list even though there s options show memory cause word was on study list what s the chance that people would use word on study list sometimes can t calculate chance measure baseline performance rate from people who didn t study the word list Amnesia organic memory deficit caused by brain damage domain specific deficit restricted to one type of material faces but not verbal etc perception also skewes memory domain general deficit affects all sorts of material most intrested in this Amnesia Anterograde amnesia difficulty learning new material after brain damage all amneiscs retrograde amnesia difficulty remembering material that was learned before brain damage most amnesics brain damage will produce amnesia if it affects certain regions medial temporal cortex diencephalon thalmus and mamillary bodies basal forebrain prefrontal cortex is NOT amnesia medial temporal cortex and diencephalon link many different regions of brain together MTL input from many regions of cortex inputs carrying high level information from all sensory well placed to integrate diverse sorts of info into a coherent memory Quantifying memory Powerpoint file Be able to define and offer an example of a direct memory test and an indirect memory test Direct memory test subject asked to use their memory of studied material Indirect memory test subject is not asked to consult their memory but performance is influenced by prior experience don t tell people it s a memory test Be able to define describe the three basic types of direct memory test free recall write all the items you remember from list you studied cued recall given a cue ex write all animal words recognition yes no is this an item you studied yes or no or forced choice given choices and you have to pick the item you studied Be able to define or pick out examples of hit correct rejection miss false alarm in a recognition memory test hit correct that they saw it correct rejection correct that they didn t study it miss didn t realize you learned it false alarm say they learned something that they didn t something new lenient response bias conservative response bias no response bias liberal lenient bias tendency to say yes conservative bias tendency to say no intrusion in a recall test false alarms in recognition but in recall tests people can produce some item that they never studied Be able to calculate the chance performance level for a free recall test a forced choice recognition test and an old new recognition test hit rate number hits number olds FA rate number FAs Number news Accuracy measure hit rate FA rate hit miss 100 Response bias FA rate 1 accuracy Be able to calculate accuracy in a yes no recognition test in a way that excludes response bias Be able to offer at least three examples of things we might measure on a memory test other than accuracy hit rate FA rate correct rejection miss Amnesia Multiple Memory Systems Powerpoint files Chapter 11 of Baddeley text Eichenbaum reading on Blackboard Brain areas where damage produces the classic amnesic syndrome medial temporal cortex diencephalon thalamus and mamillary bodies basal forebrain prefrontal cortex is NOT amnesia o What sorts of learning are impaired in amnesic subjects Anterograde amnesia retrograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia difficulty remembering material that was learned before brain