Interference in Private Lives Authoritarianism Government has total control or your life Constitutional Constitution tells government what it can do and what it can t do Anarchy Do whatever you want no basic government Government Interference in Economy Communism Government owns all of the means of production Socialism State owned resources but private owned equivalent a lot of government regulation but still private ownership leads to high taxes Capitalism Market forces determine everything In American Democracy Number of Rulers Autocracy Ruled by one person Oligarchy Political Party Group rules everything Democracy Ruled by the people Requirements for Democracy Ask people what they want then vote on it elections majority rule 50 1 100 000 people vote need 50 001 51 000 Tyranny of Majority Substantive Universal Suffrage Right to Vote Competition Do what people want not yourself needs Political Rights Right to say what you want or write it even if against government Implementing or Practicing Democracy Initiative Write Laws Debate Laws Pass Laws Initiative bypass three Petition Campaign Election Referendum give choices you vote on Recall prematurely elect someone out of office Direct Democracy People Policy Government Decision Write Laws Debate Laws Pass Laws Indirect Democracy People Republic Policy Responsiveness Does government listen to what people say AKA Republic Republic Trustees and Delegates Election First Past Post first one to get majority Winner Take All candidate two party system Proportional party centered multi party Government Presidential Keeps legislative and executive separate Legislative makes law Executive carries out law Judicial makes sure laws is upheld Rational Actor humans have goal and they try to achieve goal in self interested manner assumes this Collective Action Problem difficult for group to make a decision Solution Delegation One person authority to make decision Default Point Neutral point encourages negotiation can t come to decision decision is made for you Free Rider Problem nobody s going to pay for something you can get for free Solution Taxation forcing people to pay for public goods Particularized Benefit Give money to something or pay for something you get a special benefit Principle Agent Problem Principle Employer Agent Employee Advantage Hidden Info Specialization know their field Principle Solution Hire Fire Evaluate Median Voter Theory people in middle determine who wins Articles of Confederation First set of laws designed to help United States Did not work 3 controversies divided writers of constitution controversy between big states and small states for representation in Congress The Great Compromise controversy between big states and small states for representation in congress Big states wanted representation by population and small states equal representation Great Compromise created bicameral legislation one created House of Representatives and one created Senate House of Representatives by population Senate Equal representation 2 per state The Electoral College only for voting on President and Vice President number of people who vote for President 538 Each state given number of people in Electoral College The 3 5 th Compromise States with large slave population and states with small slave population each slave counts as 3 5 of a white person Bicameralism Dividing Congress Two Chambers Two Houses House of Representatives and Senate Limited Government Government sets the laws and makes sure the laws are followed and people follow laws but can do whatever they want within the laws Separation of Powers Branches of government are separated out so not too much power rests in one spot Judicial Executive Legislative Checks and Balances Each branch of government has a little authority over the next one Executive over judicial Congress Right to declare war President Right to make war Necessary and Proper Clause Elastic Clause Congress can do anything to expand power for good of nation anything necessary and proper to regulate powers Full Faith and Credit Clause all other states must acknowledge judicial proceedings of other states Privileges and Immunities Clause One state can t discriminate against another state Supremacy Clause The constitution is supreme law of the land Amend Constitution Civil Liberties Things Government can t do to you 1st Amendment Freedom of Speech Religion Gather Talk about Government Press 2nd Amendment Right to Bear Arms 3rd Amendment Prohibits forced quartering 4th Amendment No unreasonable search and seizure Freedom of Religion Anyone can be associated with any religion they want Establishment Clause Government cannot form specific religion Free Exercise Clause Government can t force you to carry out a religion Freedom of Speech and Press Freedom to write speak and say what you want Protected Can say it under constitution Political Speech Express discontent with government line drawn when clear and present danger Commercial Speech Speech in business just can t lie ex Commercials Non Protected Forms Punished for saying of producing it Libel and Slander Libel written slander Slander Speech of defamation of character both are defamation of character Obscenity and Pornography tests to determine if offensive to average person in community Fighting Words Words that create conflict 4th 5th 6th and 8th Amendments 4th Amendment No unreasonable searches and seizures Right to trial has to be reasonable search and have warrant Warrant legal document signed by judge to seize someone or search someone 5th Amendment can t be accused and convicted of a crime twice Protection for self incrimination plead against themselves 6th Amendment Right to Council Criminal 8th Amendment No excessive bail or excessive penalty excessive cruelty Exclusionary Rule Mapp vs Ohio Evidence illegally or unconstitutionally obtained can t be used against you in court Miranda Warning rights must be presented to you at time of arrest Right to Privacy Decision you can make without government decision Griswald vs Connecticut Convicted of obtaining contraception appealed so she could have privacy Roe vs Wade Abortion case Right to Privacy Lawrence vs Texas sodomy laws Civil Rights Equal Protection 13th Amendment Civil War Amendment Prohibits Slavery 14th Amendment Civil War Amendment Equal Protection Amendment citizenship for former slaves 15th Amendment Civil War Amendment Suffrage Right to vote for all races and religions but only for men 19th