Pols 1101 Exam 3 Study Guide1. When Congressional boundaries are drawn in such a way that it is intentionally advantageous to a particular political party, this is known as _____________ .Hint: Created by and named after elected Governor of Massachusetts of 1810.2. Having _________ says a party must have suffered a degree of harm, enough so, the party may challenge the law.Hint: In 2011, in Bond v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court held that a criminal defendant has this requirement to challenge the federal statute he or she is charged with violating as being unconstitutional under the Tenth Amendment.3. (a).___ is the minimum age requirement for becoming a U.S. President. (b).___ is the minimum age requirement for becoming a U.S. Supreme Court Justice. (c).___ is the minimum age requirement for becoming a U.S. Representative. (d).___ is the minimum age requirement for becoming a U.S. Senator. Hint: There is no minimum age requirement for one of the four.4. If a Senator is ready to _________, he/she is really against a particular bill.Hint: Also referred to as ‘taking out a bill.’5. _________ has the power to declare war.Hint: This power does not even belong to the leader of the free world.6. When a term-limited elected official is in his/her last term in office, they are referred to as a ________________.Hint: President Obama can be called this shortly.7. Because the Executive and Legislative branches are currently not dominated by the same party, we are living in a _____________ government. Hint: Government is unified when both branches are dominated by the same party.8. A _____________________ supports the written opinion of the majority position, but disagrees with the reasoning.Hint: The opinion that follows the previous.9. As a permanent committee of Congress, the ___________________ has the authority to draft, write, and edit bills.Hint: Similar to review question #2.10. Should something happen to the President, where which he/she will no longer be fit to serve his/her country, next in succession to lead is ____________, then _____________, _____________, and finally, _____________.Hint: One of the four is indeed the Vice President of the United States.11. Should you feel compelled demand the attention of the Supreme Court, you must first write a ____________________, in order to be heard. __________________ describes the minimum number of justices that must agree to hear your case. Hint: A rule of the minimum number of justices must agree to hear your case.12. The ____________ is the written opinion of the majority of judges in a case. Hint: Prevails over the minority.13. Courtesy of Marbury v. Madison, _____________ was established.Hint: Weight-gainer for judicial power.14. ______________ is the lowest level federal court there is.Hint: The state of Georgia has three of them.15. Even when the public may not agree, when an elected official chooses to think and do as they see fit, this is known as the ______________ model of representation.Hint: Trust your instincts.16. When a court is to be the first to hear a case, this authority is represented by _______________________.Hint: Being first means being an original.17. When a President has been __________, he/she has been found guilty of “high crimes and misdemeanors.”Hint: Determined by the House of Representatives.18. ‘Friend of the Court’ is the meaning of brief, __________________.Hint: Allowing such a friend to present oral argument is considered ‘extraordinary.’19. There must be a ____ majority that vote in favor of to convict the President of ‘high crimes and misdemeanors.’Hint: Determined by the Senate.20. (a) ____ Senator(s) currently exist. (b) ____ President(s) currently exist.(c) ____ Supreme Court Justices currently exist. (d) ____ Representatives currently exist.Hint: One of the four currently has, and has always had only one at a time. 21. ___________________________ is the most powerful individual in the House of Representatives. Hint: Number two on our succession of presidency list. 22. The _____________ belongs to the House of Representatives.Hint: A committee that the Senate does not have. 23. ______________________ is the functional leader of the Senate. Hint: Number three on our succession of presidency list.24. As it meets to rectify the differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill, the ______________ ensures that the final draft of a bill contains the same language in both houses. Hint: Made of up of members of both houses of Congress.25. The job of a ________ is to determine whether or not a party has enough votes to pass or block legislation. Hint: With regards to the House and Senate. Fun Things to Know:Supreme Court Justice can also be impeached.The President has the power to mobilize troops.Judicial branch was initially designed to be the weakest branch of government.President only leaves White House after impeachment AND conviction. John Boehner is the current Speaker of the House.The majority leader is the most powerful in Senate. Patrick Leahy is the current President Pro-Tempore.Also known as closure, killing a filibuster requires 60 signatures.John Roberts is the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Supreme, Appellate, and Federal are the different levels of court. Dissenting opinion is when the minority disagrees with the majority. After forth succession of presidency, we move into cabinets, based on order of creation. John Kerry is the current Secretary of State. No prior legal occupation required to become Supreme Court Justice.Traditionally yearly, the State of Union has to be mandated (not specified how